FIRST FARMERS AND HERDERS

 FIRST FARMERS AND HERDERS

➤TIMELINE:  A) NEOLITHIC PERIOD - FROM 8,000BCE TO 4,000 BCE.

                           B) CHALCOLITHIC PERIOD - FROM 4,000 BCE TO 2,000 BCE.

1)What are the important features of Neolithic Age?

The important features of Neolithic age are-

1) Climate Change:During the neolithic period the climate was changing.

2) Cultivation of food: Neolithic people learnt to cultivate their own food.

3)Domestication of animals:They slowly started the domestication of animals like dog, sheep, goat, and cattle.

4) Brick making: Neolithic man used bricks to make walls .

5) Discovery of wheel: Discovery of wheel is another important feature of neolithic age.

6) Tools:They used different tools like axes, blades , arrows, spearheads, hammers, chisel,pestle and mortar.

7) Occupations: People in this period engaged in farming, hunting, fishing, pottery making, weaving, dyeing etc.

8)Painting: They painted on the stones or walls of caves .

2) Write about Daojali Hading.

Ans: Daojali Hading    an early civilisation, located in the Tezpur district of Assam is Daojali Hading. Signs of human settlements of the Neolithic Age were found here along with the Brahmaputra Valley.The excavations from this region have shown stone tools of different shapes.

3) what is the importance of the wheel?

Ans: The invention of the wheel is  considered as one of the biggest invention in the human history.It  made easy for people to move logs from one place to another.It helped them create carts and move loads easily. This also led to the making of pottery for cooking and storing food.

4.what were the developments in that help the humans to stay at one place?

Ans: The agricultural development, domestication of animals,  discovery of  wheel etc. helped humans to stay at one place.

5. Name the first animal tamed by humans.

Ans: Dog.

6. How did the invention of whale ease the life of humans?

Ans: The invention of wheel made it easy for people to move logs from one place to another. IT helped them create carts and move loads easily. This also led to the making of pottery for cooking and storing food.

7. Write down two purposes for which early humans must have used to clay pots.

Ans: Early humans used the clay pots to store water and food.

8.Which tools were used  to grind grains?

Ans: Pestle and mortar.

9. Why were early humans sacred of lightening and thunder?

Ans: Early humans were sacred of lightening and thunder. They must have suffered from fire, storms or lightning and heavy rains and they didn't know the actual cause of these natural phenomena.

10. Name the forces of nature which were worshipped by early humans.

Ans: Early humans were worshipped sky ,rain, wind and sun as gods.

11. What kinds of scenes have been depicted in cave paintings?

Ans: In cave paintings early humans depicted the scenes of hunting ,dancing, processions and so on.

12. Choose the correct option 

1. Neolithic age lasted between

i)5,00,000 to 10,000 BCE                 ii)10,000 to 8,000 BCE

iii) 8,000 to 4,000 BCE                     iv) 4,000 to 2,000 BCE

Ans:iii) 8,000 to 4,000 BCE     .

2. Domestication of animals helped  humans to get a regular supply of 

i)honey and fruit             ii) bread and eggs          iii)milk and meat iv)none of these

Ans: iii)milk and meat

3. Early humans used to store grains in 

i) pots         ii)pits          iii)basket          iv)all of these

Ans:i) pots 

4. Axe was usd

i) To dig the ground            ii)for harvesting            iii)for  grinding the grains           iv)to clear the land for cultivation

Ans:iv)to clear the land for cultivation

5. In the Neolithic age humans used to live in 

i)caves        ii) thatched huts     iii) pit houses      iv)both i and ii

Ans:  ii) thatched huts

6. Early man painted on 

i)walls on caves         ii) stones       iii)trees           iv)none of these

Ans:i)walls on caves 

7. During the Chalcolithic period humans started to use 

i)copper           ii)iron               iii)mica             iv)brass

Ans:i)copper 

8. Mehergarh is located 

i)to the west  of Sutlej river              ii)to the west of Indus river 

iii)to the east of Chenab river           iv)to the east of  Jhelum river

Ans: ii)to the west of Indus river

9. Daojali Hading is located in 

i)Assam            ii)Mizoram         iii)Bengal            iv)Kashmir.

Ans:i)Assam   

13. Fill in the blanks

 1. Rice cultivation was done in East India as well as Koldihwa in Uttar Pradesh.

2. Axe was used to clear land for cultivation.

3. Logs, stones and bricks were also used to build some pit houses.

4. Copper is considered to be the first metal to be used by early humans.

5. Mehargarh is one of the most important Neolithic site discovered in 1974.

14. State whether true or false

1. Early humans ploughed the for the purpose of irrigation.

Ans: False.

2. Sickle was used to clear the land for cultivation.

Ans:False

3. Clay pots were backed to make them strong.

Ans:True.

4. Early man was sacred of lightening and thunder.

Ans: True.

5. Chalcolithic period is from 8000 to 4000 BCE.

Ans: False.

6. Human settlements were normally close to rivers.

Ans:True.