THE FIRST CITIES

 THE FIRST CITIES

1) GIVE FOUR EXAMPLES OF THE EARLIEST CIVILISATIONS ON THE RIVER BANKS.

Ans:Four examples of earliest civilisations on the river banks are:

a) The Indus Valley Civilisation on the banks of the Indus River in India.

b) The Chinese Civilisation on the banks of the Hwang-Ho River in China.

c) The Mesopotamian Civilisation on the banks of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in Sumer.

d) The Egyptian Civilisation on the banks of the Nile River in Africa.

2)Who discovered the ruins of an ancient city at Harappa in 1921?

Ans: Rai Bahadur Daya Ram Sahni in 1921.

3) Name the archaeologist who discovered the site at Mohenjodaro.

Ans: R D Banerjee. This site is located in the Larkana district of Sindh.

4) Name the river on the banks of which the Harappan Civilisation was found.

Ans: Ravi River.

5) list the cities in which sites of Indus Valley Civilisation have been found.

Ans:Kot Digi in Sindh

Harappa

Mohenjodaro

Lothal

Surkotada in Gujrat

Dholavira in Gujrat

Kalibangan in Rajasthan

Ropar in Punjab etc.

6) Describe a citadel.

Ans:The western part of Indus Valley Civilisation was built on a raised ground and archaeologists call it citadel.

7) Why is it believed that administrative work was carried out from the citadel?

Ans: It was believed that administrative work was carried out from the citadel, because

It was built on a huge brick platform. This may have been done to protect it against the danger of flood as the civilisation was located on the banks of a river.It is possible that in case of flood people may be taking shelter in the citadel. The citadel is surrounded by huge walls. And , historians believe that probably the rulling class stayed in this area.

8) How can we say that the people of Harappa had a sense of cleanliness?

Ans:The people of Harappa had a very good drainage system.The drains were so laid out that the water from bathing areas and kitchens drained into narrow drains which later joined into larger drains. Drains had a gradual slope to ensure flow of water.So, we can say that the people of Harappa had a sense of cleanliness.

9) Name the most impressive structure found at the citadel which is a specimen of engineering skill.

Ans: The Great Bath.

10) Describe a kind of pottery that has been recovered from the Indus Valley sites.

Ans: Pottery of different shapes, sizes and designs have been unearthed from Indus valley civilisation. The earthenware have been decorated with geometric and figurative designs. They were first glazed in heat, and were then used extensively.

11) What makes us believe that the people of Harappa were fond of jewellery?

Ans: The people of Indus valley civilisation used ornaments like bangles, bead necklaces, amulets,rings,etc., made of gold ,silver,bronze etc.

12) Where have we found a dockyard ?

Ans: In the Lothal district of Gujrat.

13) What is granary?

Ans: Granary is a place where grains are stored for use at a later date.

14) What is Spindle?

Ans: Spindle is an instrument to make thread out of cotton.

15) What is seal?

Ans: Seal is a solid piece of metal or stone used to mark an impression on clay or other material as a stamp for identification.

16) What is dockyard?

Ans: Dockyard is a place where boats and ships could come to the shore and load or unload goods.

17) Choose the correct option.

1. The Chinese Civilisation came up on the banks of the

i) Indus river       ii) Tigris river       iii)Nile  river          iv) Hwang-Ho River.

Ans:  iv) Hwang-Ho River.

2. The first discovery of early cities in the Indian subcontinent were made by 

i)Rai Bahadur Daya Ram Sahni           ii)Rai Bahadur sant Ram 

iii)RD Banerjee                               iv)none of these

Ans:i)Rai Bahadur Daya Ram Sahni 

3. The citadel was mostly located on the 

i)western part of the city             ii) eastern part of the city

iii) southern part of the city          iv) Northern part of the city

Ans:i)western part of the city

4. The covering of the drains indicates that harappans had a sense of i)hygiene            ii)cleanliness           iii)sanitation             iv)all of these

Ans:iv)all of these

5. The great bath was located in Harappa lothal kalibangan mohenjodaro 

6. The pottery found in Indus Valley Civilization are red in colour with designs in black blue in colour with designs in black grey in colour with designs in black green in colour with designs in black.

7. Discovery of spindle holds suggest knowledge of waving cloth making the battery making of sales making of the age

8. Harappan se trading coaching with China room 12 Mesopotamia

9. Dockyard has been found at Harappa lothal Ropar mohenjo daro

10. Scrap the of the Indus valley civilization used to be aerobic Pune form pictographic drama

18) fill in the blanks

1. Harappa is located in the month ago marry district of Punjab and the banks of Ravi river

2. Indus Valley Civilization flourished between 2700 BCA

3. Administrative was carried out from sitadel

4. Rose in Harappa crossed each other at right angles and divided the city into blocks

5. Granaries where used to store grains

6. Farming and cattle harding were the principal occupation of the people

7. A stone statue of a man was found in mohenjo daro features of him waving a cloth with embroidered flowers on Eid

8. Indus valley civilization had trade relations with Mesopotamia.

19) state whether true or false

1. Harappa and mohenjo daro bigger than the other cities which were discovered leather

2. Lower down was located in the western part of the city

3. Geometric and figarative designs have been found on dapo Teri

4. Most of the sales have one day have a horses inscribed on them

5. Lothal is located in Gujarat

6. The script of Harappa was written from right to left.