IMPORTANT QUESTIONS:
1) During whose reign the Bengal was partitioned?
Ans: During the reign of Lord Curzon (1899-1905).
2) What was happened during the partition of Bengal?
Ans: The partition of Bengal created two states: namely -
a) Eastern Bengal and Assam and
b) West Bengal.
3) When did the Sepoy Mutiny take place?
Ans: In 1857.
4. When did the British Government introduced Regulating Act?
Ans: In 1773.
5) Which act upgraded the post of the Governor of Bengal Presidency to the level of Governor -General ?
Ans: The Regulating Act of 1773.
6) Why did the governing of Bengal province given to a Lieutenant Governor?
Ans: After the introduction of Regulating Act in 1773 , since the area under the Governor of Fort William had become vast , the governing of Bengal province was given to a Lieutenant Governor.
7.Write about Allahabad Treaty.
Ans: Allahabad treaty was signed in 1765 AD, between the Moghul Emperor Shah Alam and Robert Clive. According to this treaty ,the East India Company won political authority on Bihar and Orissa along with Bengal and three regions were included in the province of Bengal.
8. Discuss the contributions of Swadeshi Movement.
Ans: The Swadeshi Movement contributed to Indian society, literature, economy and so on. The major contribution of Swadeshi movement are discussed below:
a) The wadeshi movement was able to give the Indians a political knowledge regarding mas movement. Through this movement, Indian people learnt that if the majority of the people come forward for a common cause, then a mas movement would certainly become successful.
b) The Indian National Congress from its inception believed in peaceful demand to the British govt. for the development of India. The partition of Bengal brought a change in this outlook of the Congress. The Swadeshi movement made them realize that the progress of India is possible only through mass struggle.
c)The Swadeshi movement will always be remembered in the history of economic and industrial development of India.Because, at this movement people boycotted foreign goods and started to using local goods.They started local indutries.
d)Through the Swadeshi movement , the Indians got the privilege to demand for Swaraj .
e)The Swadeshi movement also attracted the women of India to the mass movement. There are two such incidents which prove the contribution of women in Swadeshi movement. Every family in the Bengal province went on fast on the day when Prafulla Chaki was executed. Every kitchen was closed down and all mothers passed the day of mourning. The second incident was the police torture on Bhupendra Nath Dutta, for his sharp criticism on the partition of Bengal. His mother Bhabaneswari Devi called the women for a mass movement instead of weeping for the incident.
f)The Swadeshi movement also gave birth to armed movement. The tendency to resort to violent method occured in some sections of activities.
9. Write about anti movement actions taken by the Government on Swadeshi movement.
Ans: In Swadeshi movement ,the government took some anti movement actions. The govermnent expected support from moderate group leaders of Congress on the issue of partition of Bengal.
In order to keep the moderate leaders loyal, Lord Curzon offered them various titles, post, medals etc.
The moderate Congress member were offered the post of judges in high court, member of British parliament, member of Viceroy's Council etc. for obtaining support towards partition.
But, in spite of all these policies, Lord Curzon failed to control the anti- partition movement.
10. In which viceroy's time did the partition of Bengal take place?
Ans: Lord Curzon.
11. When did the Sepoy Mutiny take place?
Ans: In 1857.
12. When did the regulating act introduced?
Ans: In 1773.
13. During whose tenure was the Partition Plan of Bengal executed?
Ans: Lord Curzon.
14. Name the three British officers who helped Lord Curzon in the process of Partition of Bengal.
Ans: Andrew Fraser and J Bamfylde Fuller.
15. Name a Historic event that occurred during the reign of Lord Curzon.
Ans: The Partition of Bengal.
16. Which is the second most political upheaval in India after the Sepoy Mutiny in 1857?
Ans: The national struggle against British rule of partition of Bengal in India is the second upheaval in India after the Sepoy Mutiny in 1857.
17.Who created a new province by adjoining East Bengal and Assam?
Ans: Lord Curzon.
18.To what position did the British government upgrade the post of the Governor of the Bengal Presidency?
Ans: The British government upgraded the post of the Governor of the Bengal presidency to the level of Governor general.
19.What were brought under the control of the governor of Fort William by Regulating act of 1773?
Ans: Bombay and Madras.
20. To whom was the governing of Bengal province vested when the area under the governor of Fort William had become vast?
Ans: To a Lieutenant Governor.
21. What was the signatories of the Allahabad Treaty?
Ans: According to the Allahabad Treaty, the East India Company won political authority on Bihar and Orissa along with Bengal.
22. When did the British takes step to reform the Indian administration?
Ans: After the Sepoy Mutiny in 1857, the British took steps to reform the Indian administration.
23. Why was the anti partition of Bengal movement named as Swadeshi movement?
Ans: In the anti partition of Bengal movement the Indians unitedly boycotted foreign goods and started using home made good goods made by the Indians. So, the anti partition of Bengal movement named as Swadeshi movement.
24. What was also included in the reformation of the Indian administration by the British?
Ans: The Partition of Bengal was included in the reformation of the Indian administration by the British.
25. What was the significance of date 7 February,1874?
Ans: On 7 February 1874, the decision was taken to disjoin a vast of East India from Bengal.
26. How many districts of the Brahmaputra valleys were included in the state of Assam created on 7th February 1874 by the British?
Ans: Six districts.
27. What was the area of Assam when created on 7 th February 1874?
Ans: 54,100 sq. mile.
28. What was the population of Assam when created on 7 February,1874?
Ans: 41,50, 000.
29.Name the post that was created for the state of Assam by the British?
Ans: The post of a chief commissioner was created.
30. Who was the first chief commissioner of Assam?
Ans: Colonel R. H. Keatings.
31. From whose tenure was the British colonialism established all over India?
Ans: Robert Clive.
32. Who was Andrew Fraser?
Ans:Anderw Fraser was a chief commissioner of Madhya Pradesh.
33. Who was J. Bamfylde Fuller?
Ans: J Bamfylde Fuller was the chief commissioner of Assam.
34. Who gave the proposal to Lord Curzon to change the geographical boundary of Madhya Pradesh and Bengal in 1901?
Ans: Andrew Fraser.
35. When did Andrew Fraser give proposal to Lord Curzon to change the geographical boundary of Madhya Pradesh and Bengal?
Ans: 1901.
36. To whom Fraser gave the proposal to change the geographical boundary of Madhya Pradesh and Bengal in 1901?
Ans: Lord Curzon.
37. What happened in Orissa in 1866 A.D.?
Ans: In 1866 AD the famine broke out in Orissa.
38. How many people lost their live in famine hit Orissa in 1866 AD?
Ans: Around 10,000 people.
39.Who put the proposal of the partition of Bengal before the government of out England?
Ans: Viceroy Lord Northbrook.
40. Who propose to disjoin Orrisa and Sambalpur from Bengal and to annex to Madhya Pradesh?
Ans: Andrew Fraser.
41. Who proposed to annex Chattagram to Assam with a view to expand the tea business?
Ans: J Bamfylde Fuller.
42. When was the treaty of Yandaboo signed?
Ans: 24 th February, 1826.
43. When was Cachar brought under the British Empire in India?
Ans: In 1832.
44. When was khasi hills brought under the British Empire in India?
Ans: In 1833.
45. When was the jaintia hills brought under the British Empire in India?
Ans: In 1835.
46. When was the province of Matak and Sadiya brought under the British Empire in India?
Ans: In 1839.
47. When was the province of Khamti brought under the British Empire in India?
Ans: In 1843.
48. When was Singfoo brought under the British Empire in India?
Ans: In 1843.
49. When was the area of Angami Naga hill, brought under the British Empire in India?
Ans: In 1854.
50. Who was appointed Lt. Governor of Bengal in 1903?
Ans: Andrew Fraser.
51. Who directed Andrew Fraser to make a plan for redemarcation of the boundary of the Bengal Province?
Ans: Lord Curzon.
52. When did Andrew Fraser submit his plan for redemarcation of the boundary of the Bengal Province to Lord Curzon?
Ans: 28 March, 1903.
53. When did Lord Curzon prepare a detail proposal of the partition of Bengal?
Ans: 1st June, 1903.
54. Who was Hebert Risley?
Ans: Hebert Risley was the secretary of State, government of India.
55. What do you mean by partition of Bengal?
Ans: The process of bifurcation of Bengal and to annex one part of it into Assam is historically known as the historical partition of Bengal.
56. What is Risley papers?
Ans: On 1st June 1903 viceroy Lord Curzon prepared a detailed proposal of the partition of Bengal,by discussing with Herbert Risley, the secretary of State, Government of India.
57. Why was the anti partition of Bengal movement named as Swadeshi movement?
Ans: In the anti partition of Bengal movement the Indians unitedly boycotted foreign goods and started using home made goods made by the Indians. So, the anti partition of Bengal movement named as Swadeshi movement.
58. Discuss the contributions of Swadeshi movement towards national literature.
Ans: The tide of patriotism that emerged from the Swadeshi movement had contributed a lot to the national literature. On the influence of Swadeshi movement, many magazines, newspapers, books, dramas, songs and articles were published.
a) Newspapers and Magazines: The 'Bengali' (1904) edited by Surendranath Banerjee, the ' Sanjibani' ( 1904) edited by Krishna Kumar Mitra, the 'Hitabaadi' (1905) by Kaliprasanna Kavya Bisharad and Yogengranath Vidyabhusan, the 'Yugantar' ( Weekly, 1906) by Bhupendra Dutta, the ' Sandhya' (1906) by Brahmabandhab Upadhya , 'The Dawn' (1906) by Satish Chandra Mukherjee, the female magazine ' Su- Prabhat' (1906) by Kumudini Mishra, 'Vande Mataram ' by Arabinda Ghose etc. created a strong national sentiment among the people and excelled the movement.
b) Important Plays: Some important plays written on the background Swadeshi movement were- Palashir Prayachitta by Khirod Prasad,Sirajuddoula and Mor Kasim by Girish Ghose , Sabbas Bangali by Amrit Lal Bose,Bangar Angashed by Amarendranath Dutta etc.
C) Important Books: During the moment some important books were published. Some famous books written on the background of Swadeshi movement were Japani Bir by Swarna Kumari Devi, Joy Sangeet by Padmanath Roy Choudhury, Nabya Bharat by Kartik Chandra Dasgupta, Bangalakhmir Brathakatha by Ramendra Sundar Trivedi.
D) Patriotic Songs: Twenty three numbers of patriotic songs composed by Rabindranath Tagore on Swadeshi movement will remain a treasure of Indian culture. The song 'Amar Sonar Bangla Ami Tomake Bhal Bashi won the status of national anthem of independent Bangladesh. The song ' jadi tor daak sune keu Naa ase, tabe ekla cholo re ....' received everlasting popularity.
On the background of Swadeshi movement Rabindranath Tagore wrote the article " Bhai Bhai Ek Thai".
A national institution named ' Bangia Kala Sansad' was established under the leadership Abanindranath Thakur during the movement. This institution aimed at creating foundation of Indian Fine Arts, free from western influence.Through a famous painting 'Banga Mata' Abanindranath Thakur tried to establish Indian Fine arts at per with the western paintings. Sister Nibedita transformed "Banga Mata " into " Bharat Mata".
These are the main contributions of Swadeshi movement towards national literature.
59)Discuss the contributions of Swadeshi movement towards national education.
Ans: During the Swadeshi Movement, some prominent leaders like Bipin Chandra Paul, Rabindranath Tagore ,Abdul Rasul etc. called upon the student community to leave government institution. Satish Chandra Mukherjee, the editor of' the Dawn 'named the University of Calcutta as the house of slaves and he called upon the students community to leave that house of slaves and to accept national education. Satish Chandra Mukherjee started a national institution named ' The Dawn' , with full cooperation from Rabindranath Tagore and Charu Das Banerjee.
The 'the Dawn' society did against the Curzon's University law (1904) and Carlyle's circular(1905) and started movement for uprising the national education. On 5th August, 1905, Rabindranath Tagore gave a valuable lecture on importance of national education in a public meeting at Calcutta. Rabindranath Tagore established the Banga Jatiya Vidyalay. On 8 December 1905,the second Jatiya Vidyalay was established at the Rangpur. Under the leadership of Rasbihari Bose the National Education Council was formed on 11 March 1906 At town hall Calcutta. Bangal National College was established on 15 August 1906.
During the Swadeshi movement, all together 62 secondary schools and 3000 national primary schools where established. Bengal Technical Institute was established with the financial help from reputed barrister Taraknath Palit. Bihar Vidyapeeth ,Patna ,Samarth Vidyalay, Maharashtra and Gujarat vidyalay, Gujarat were established in the style of National University.
60) Write about the contribution of women in Swadeshi movement.
Ans: During the Swadeshi movement, women played a huge contribution .Keeping equal pace with the man, the middle class urban women also took active part in the swadeshi movement by crossing all the social barriers. This participation of the women folk against the partition of Bengal led the Indian freedom struggle to a well organized level.
Among the prominent female leaders of swadeshi movement, Sarala Devi Choudhurini was to be reckoned to lead the Swadeshi movement in a revolutionary way. Like the Sivaji festival of Maharastra, she strarted organizing various festivals like 'Birastami Brat' Pratapaditya Utshab, Udayaditya Utsav, Byayam Samitee etc. and trained the boys and girls on wrestling, stick play etc. games. She edited a magazine named 'Bharati' and prepared the youth force of Bengal to plunge into national movement.
Another prominent woman who contributed a lot in creating national awareness among the youths and the women was Sister Nibedita. This Ireland born strong lady had her real name as Margaret Elizabeth Noble (1864-1911). During her stay in Calcutta she was actively associated with Youngman's Hindu Union, Vivekananda Society, Dawn Society and Anusilan Sammitee and encouraged the youths' and the women folk to be independent by involvement in indigenous industries.
The bravery of the Bengal women stunned the British Rulers. Regarding the courage of Bengal women, the Daily Telegraph, London on 11th October 1907 wrote 'The Bengal women are the most obstinate and most dangerous antagonist of the English'.
61) Discuss the contribution of Swadeshi movement on national industry.
Ans: On the background of swadeshi movement, the mentality for self atmosphere for the establishment of national industries. As the demand of locally made goods grew higher, several big industries and various small scale industries came into being. Spinning machine, small and medium scale handloom industries, industries for producing mustard oil, soap, sugar, match box etc. and many biscuit factories were established. Along with this, national bank and national insurance companies came into existence. The Swadeshi Bhandar, established by Rabindranath Tagore became a reputed textile firm. At the prime time of Swadeshi movement Yogesh Ch. bazaar, Calcutta. All kinds of India made products were sold in this Choudhury and Krishna Bihari Sen jointly established, 'Indian stores' at Bou bazaar, Calcutta. Another woman from Tagore's family named Sarala Devi started, 'Lakshi Bhandar' at Cornwallis street (Now Bidhan Sarani). The United Bengal Stores' was established by Abdul Halim Gajnabi at Lal Bazar.
Some-extra ordinary people like Jagadish Ch. Bose, Prafulla Ch. Roy, Nilratan Sarkar etc. planned to establish some heavy industries at Bengal to grow an atmosphere of self development and self reliance. At the initiative of Nilratan Sarkar, 'Banga Lakshi Cotton Mill' was established on 1 August, 1906 and Acharya Prafulla Ray started 'Bengal Chemicals' on 25th July, 1906. Jamshedji Tata established iron factory in 1907. As a consequence of boycotting foreign goods and productions of local industries, the number goods came to be very low in India.
Due to the political movement in Bengal, the foundation of modern industries was laid in various provinces of India. The first Indian industrial summit was held on 17th December, 1905 under the chairmanship of R.C. Dutta at Varanashi and this summit awakened the Indians about the prospect of indigenous industries in India. Even revival of many national industries were possible after this summit. In short, the Swadeshi movement opened a new chapter in the progress of Indian industries and business.
62) Write about the role of Indian National Congress during the Swadeshi movement.
Ans: Indian National Congress played an important role during the Swadeshi movement. Surendranath Banerjee, Bipin Ch. Paul, Arabinda Ghose, Aswini Kumar Dutta and many other intellectual leaders through the National Congress were able to unite people against partition of Bengal. During 1885- 1905, National Congress mainly concentrated on social and economic development. But after the partition of Bengal, it could establish itself as a big organisation in the context of greater Indian nationalism.
The 19th annual session held in 1903 at Madrass, under the presidentship of Lalmohan Ghosh, Indian National Congress warned the govt. to give up the plan of partition of Bengal. Before the implementation of partition of Bengal Lala Lajpat Ray and Gopal Krishna Gokhley reached London on 6th July, 1905 to give a representation on behalf of National Congress to give up the plan of partition of Bengal by the British government. They submitted a protest petition signed by the people of Bengal to the Secretary of State for India against the implementation of partition. Since inspite of all the oppositions of the Indians the partition was implemented, the Indian National Congress, had to take strong stand against the partition.
After six years of Swadeshi Movement, the result of Bengal partition,the British government was compelled to go for unification of Bengal in 1911. This big incident brought about an opportunity to the people of India to be united for freedom and self government (Swaraj), the Indian National Congress being the central force of it.
➤Some Important points:
* The article Bangar Sarbanash was published in the Journal 'Sanjibani (6th July, 1904 editor Krishna Kumar Mitra).
* The first protest meeting against the proposed partition of Bengal was held at Khulna ( Bagerbari ) on 14th July, 1905.
* The 2nd protest meeting was held at Dinazpur on 20th July ,1905. This meeting was presided over by the king of Dinazpur and a proposal was passed to boycott the British goods. At this meeting a plan was taken to organized protest meeting at grass root level.
* On 18 July,1905 the student of Ripon College ( presently Surendra Nath College) for the first time staged a walk out from their classrooms and took part in the movement.
* On 31st July, 1905 under the leadership of the student from Ripon College, a vast student rally was organised against this partition.
*On 7th August 1905, a huge public meeting was held at Town Hall of Kasimbazar , Culcutta under the presidentship of Maharaja Manindra Chandra Nandi.
* The student union formed under the leadership of Surendranath Banerjee.
* On 23th September ,1905, a big protest rally was held at Rajabazar , North Calcutta.
* On 16th October 1905 ,the people of Bengal observed ' National mourning Day'.
*The Swadeshi movement is considered as a full fledged successful movement. Every step of this movement inspired the people of Bengal and had direct influence all over India.Though it was a political movement against the British, yet this movement had a far reaching impact upon literature, society, education and economy of India.
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