Food and Nutrition in Plants is an important topic in General Science and is useful for ADRE, APSC and other competitive examinations. This chapter explains how plants and other organisms obtain nutrition, how green plants prepare food through photosynthesis, and the different modes of nutrition found in plants and animals.
The notes cover important concepts such as autotrophic and heterotrophic nutrition, photosynthesis, chlorophyll, stomata, saprophytic nutrition, parasitic nutrition, insectivorous plants, symbiosis, Rhizobium and nitrogen fixation. The accompanying MCQs are designed to help aspirants revise important facts and practise exam-oriented questions.
This study material is prepared in a simple, concise and exam-focused format, making it useful for quick revision before the ADRE examination.
1. Which organisms can prepare their own food from simple inorganic substances?
A. Heterotrophs
B. Autotrophs
C. Parasites
D. Saprophytes
Answer: B. Autotrophs
2. Green plants are called:
A. Consumers
B. Decomposers
C. Producers
D. Parasites
Answer: C. Producers
3. The process by which green plants prepare their food is called:
A. Respiration
B. Photosynthesis
C. Digestion
D. Transpiration
Answer: B. Photosynthesis
4. Which pigment is essential for photosynthesis?
A. Haemoglobin
B. Chlorophyll
C. Melanin
D. Keratin
Answer: B. Chlorophyll
5. Which gas is taken in by plants during photosynthesis?
A. Oxygen
B. Nitrogen
C. Carbon dioxide
D. Hydrogen
Answer: C. Carbon dioxide
6. Carbon dioxide enters the leaves mainly through:
A. Roots
B. Stomata
C. Flowers
D. Veins
Answer: B. Stomata
7. Water required for photosynthesis is mainly absorbed through:
A. Leaves
B. Flowers
C. Roots
D. Fruits
Answer: C. Roots
8. Which gas is released during photosynthesis?
A. Carbon dioxide
B. Nitrogen
C. Oxygen
D. Hydrogen
Answer: C. Oxygen
9. The food initially produced during photosynthesis is:
A. Protein
B. Glucose
C. Fat
D. Vitamin
Answer: B. Glucose
10. Excess glucose in plants is commonly stored as:
A. Protein
B. Starch
C. Fat
D. Cellulose
Answer: B. Starch
11. Which of the following is NOT required for photosynthesis?
A. Sunlight
B. Chlorophyll
C. Carbon dioxide
D. Oxygen
Answer: D. Oxygen
12. Animals that eat only plants are called:
A. Carnivores
B. Omnivores
C. Herbivores
D. Parasites
Answer: C. Herbivores
13. Which one is a carnivore?
A. Cow
B. Deer
C. Lion
D. Goat
Answer: C. Lion
14. Which one is an omnivore?
A. Cow
B. Human
C. Deer
D. Lion
Answer: B. Human
15. Organisms that obtain food from dead and decaying organic matter are called:
A. Parasites
B. Autotrophs
C. Saprophytes
D. Herbivores
Answer: C. Saprophytes
16. Which of the following is a saprophyte?
A. Mushroom
B. Cow
C. Lion
D. Grass
Answer: A. Mushroom
17. Cuscuta is an example of:
A. Autotrophic plant
B. Parasitic plant
C. Insectivorous plant
D. Aquatic plant
Answer: B. Parasitic plant
18. The organism from which a parasite obtains food is called:
A. Producer
B. Host
C. Consumer
D. Saprophyte
Answer: B. Host
19. Which plant obtains nitrogenous nutrients from insects?
A. Mango
B. Rose
C. Pitcher plant
D. Wheat
Answer: C. Pitcher plant
20. Which of the following is an insectivorous plant?
A. Sundew
B. Mango
C. Pea
D. Rice
Answer: A. Sundew
21. Insectivorous plants mainly obtain which nutrient from insects?
A. Carbohydrates
B. Nitrogenous nutrients
C. Water
D. Oxygen
Answer: B. Nitrogenous nutrients
22. Lichen is an example of:
A. Parasitism
B. Symbiosis
C. Predation
D. Competition
Answer: B. Symbiosis
23. Lichen is formed by an association between:
A. Bacteria and virus
B. Alga and fungus
C. Fungus and bacteria
D. Alga and moss
Answer: B. Alga and fungus
24. Which bacterium is associated with the root nodules of leguminous plants?
A. Lactobacillus
B. Rhizobium
C. Yeast
D. Plasmodium
Answer: B. Rhizobium
25. Rhizobium helps plants mainly in:
A. Photosynthesis
B. Nitrogen fixation
C. Respiration
D. Transpiration
Answer: B. Nitrogen fixation
26. Which of the following is a leguminous plant?
A. Gram
B. Rice
C. Wheat
D. Maize
Answer: A. Gram
27. Which practice helps replenish nitrogen in the soil?
A. Deforestation
B. Crop rotation
C. Overgrazing
D. Burning crops
Answer: B. Crop rotation
28. Which of the following is an example of symbiotic nutrition?
A. Cuscuta
B. Lichen
C. Mushroom
D. Pitcher plant
Answer: B. Lichen
29. Which factor provides energy for photosynthesis?
A. Water
B. Carbon dioxide
C. Sunlight
D. Nitrogen
Answer: C. Sunlight
30. The tiny pores present mainly on the lower surface of leaves are called:
A. Root hairs
B. Stomata
C. Chloroplasts
D. Veins
Answer: B. Stomata
⭐ Quick ADRE Revision
Autotroph → own food
Herbivore → plants
Carnivore → animals
Omnivore → plants + animals
Saprophyte → dead matter
Parasite → host
Insectivorous → insects for nitrogen
Lichen → alga + fungus
Rhizobium → nitrogen fixation
Photosynthesis → CO₂ + H₂O → glucose + O₂
Food and nutrition are essential for the survival, growth and development of all living organisms. Green plants are autotrophs because they prepare their own food through photosynthesis using carbon dioxide, water, sunlight and chlorophyll. Other organisms depend directly or indirectly on plants for their food.
Plants also show different modes of nutrition such as saprophytic, parasitic, insectivorous and symbiotic nutrition. Organisms such as Rhizobium play an important role in nitrogen fixation and maintaining soil fertility.
Understanding these concepts is important for ADRE and other competitive examinations. Revising the key definitions, examples, processes and important facts can help aspirants answer General Science questions effectively.
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