Human Environment: Settlement , transport and communication

 1. What do you understand by human settlement ?

Ans: Human settlement means cluster of dwellings of any type or size where human beings live. 

2. List the factors which affect the growth of human settlements?

Ans: The factors which affect the growth of human settlements are -

a) Climatic conditions

b)Availability of water

c) Suitability of land to cater for other basic needs

 d) Fertility of soil

3) What is Urban Settlement?

Ans: An urban settlement is an area that is densely populated. They have an abundance of manmade structures as opposed to rural areas, which contain more open space.

3) How are urban settlements different from rural settlements?

Ans: Urban settlements are different from rural settlements. For instance,

1. Urban settlements normally have more developed infrastructure than rural areas like sewer systems, roads and public transport systems.

2) The main occupation of urban settlement is trade. However, the main occupation of rural settlement is agriculture.

4) What is the main occupation of people living in rural settlements?

Ans: Agriculture.

5) Name two groups in which rural settlements are divided?

Ans: The two groups are: 

a) scattered settlements and 

b) compact settlements.

6) What is scattered settlement?

Ans: When a settlement has a few isolated huts or houses, it is called scattered. These types of settlements are found in hilly areas, deserts and forests. They do not have much resources and

support.

7) What is Compact settlement?

Ans: Where settlements in rural areas are compact they have slightly better organized health and education facilities in immediate vicinity. Facilities like shops, post office, bank, etc. are all close to the houses. It is like a town but at a smaller scale. Normally such settlements are so small they do not have public transport systems and distances are walkable.

8) What is an igloo?

Ans: The igloos are small huts which are made of ice blocks.

9)Why do houses in mountains have sloping roofs?

Ans: The houses of mountains have sloping roofs so that the seasonal snow and rain flows down thereby preventing it from accumulating on top of the roof.

10) What do people do to prevent their houses from being flooded in frequently waterlogged areas?

Ans: They build houses on stilts.

11) Why do deserts have high roofed houses?

Ans: In deserts people build high roofs so that the inside remains cool.

12) What is a highway?

Ans: Roads connecting cities are called highways.

13) What are the two groups of highways?

Ans: a) National Highways and 

b) State Highways.

14)Who maintains the national highways?

Ans: The central government.

15) Who maintains the state highway?

Ans: The state government.

16) What is the importance of railways?

Ans: Railways is an important transport system which helps move people and goods en-masse. Passenger and goods trains run over tracks for long distances in comparatively lesser time than it takes on as there are no traffic jams and bottle necks. They carry more load than trucks and buses combined and are cheaper mode of transport compared to the roadways. They support movement of grain and industrial products. 

17) Choose the correct option.

1. Which one of the following is an example of military cantonment?

i) Delhi      ii) Varanasi   

iii) Patna    iv) Pathankot.

Ans: Pathankot.

2. Which one of the following does not come in the category of religious township?

i) Delhi        ii) Varanasi

iii) Ujjain     iv) Haridwar 

Ans: Delhi.

3. House made of ice are called

i) stilt houses       ii) tents 

iii) igloos               iv) wooden houses.

Ans: igloos.

4. Sloping roofs are preferred in 

i) deserts        ii) plains

iii) Arctic regions     iv)areas of heavy rain.

Ans: deserts.

5. National Highways are maintained by

i) local government            ii) state government

iii) central government       iv) panchayat

Ans: Central government.

6.The costliest mode of transport is the 

i) railways         ii) roadways        iii) airways         iv) waterways

Ans: airways.

7. Which of the following is the fastest means of travel?

i) Roadways        ii) Airways        iii) Waterways       iv) Railways

Ans: Airways.

8. Mobile phones can be used for 

i) Communication        ii) Receiving and sending photos.

ii) Receive and send messages          iv) All of these.

Ans: All of these.

9.Which one of the following is the fastest means of communication ?

i) Newspaper         ii) Television      iii) Radio        iv) Internet

Ans: Internet.

18) Match the columns.

Column A	Column B
Igloo	Waterways
Cruises	Cold regions
Stilts	Mountains
Slanting Roofs	Water logged

Ans:

Column A	Column B
Igloo	Cold regions
Cruises	Waterways
Stilts	Water logged
Slanting Roofs	Mountains

B. Fill in the blanks.

1. When a settlement has a few isolated houses, it is called Scattered settlement.

 2. In the desert areas roofs are generally flat.

3. Underground crossings are known as subways.

4.____Helicopter______ is used to evacuate people from remote areas affected by a calamity.

5. Water channels can be crossed by construction of __bridges______.