Indian Polity

 Indian Polity

Q. When was the Constitution of India  come into force?

Ans: on January 26th, 1950.

Q.When was  Sepoy Mutiny started?

Ans:  In 1857.

Q. When did the British Government introduced the 'Indian Councils Act'?

Ans:In 1861.

Q. What was the main provision of Indian Councils Act?

Ans:The 'Indian Councils Act' ,1861, decentralised the Indian administration and introduced representative system of administration.

Q. What was the main provision of the amended Indian Council Act?

Ans:In 1892, the amended 'Indian Council Act' was passed and the process of selection of representative was introduced. 

Q. Which act is known as 'Morley-Minto Reform Act'?

Ans:The 'Government of India Act',1909.

Q. Which act introduced the autonomous Governance system to a limited extend?

Ans: The Government of India Act,1919.

Q. Which act introduced the autonomous and federal governance system ,for the first time?

Ans:The Government of India Act, 1935 .

Q. According to which act, India got its independence?

Ans: According to the Independence Act of 1947.

Q. When India got its independence?

Ans:In August 15, 1947.

 

Q. When did  Mahatma Gandhi demanded for a constitution prepared by the Indians for the country?

Ans:In 1922.

Q. When did the Swaraj Party  demanded for a Constituent Assembly to frame the constitution. 

Ans: In 1928.

Q.When was the Simon Commission Report prepared ?

Ans: In 1927.

Q.Under the leadership the Simon Commission Report was prepared ?

Ans:Under the leadership of Sir John Simon.

Q. When was the Indian National Congress proposed for the formation of a Constituent Assembly ?

Ans:In 1934.

Q. Which act was adopted based on the proposals of the Round Table Conference?

Ans:The Indian Councils Act, 1935.

Q. Who was the chairman of the drafting committee?

Ans: Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar .

Q. Write the names of the members of the drafting committee.

Ans:    a) Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar (Chairman) 

b)N. Gopalswami Ayengar,

 c)Allad Krishna Swami Ayer,

d) K. K. Munshi, 

e)Syed Mohummad Saddullah,

 f)N. Madhav Rao, 

g)D.P. Khaitan.

Q.When was the Cabinet Mission visited to India?

Ans:In 1946.

Q.Who was elected as the Chairman of this Assembly?

Ans:Dr. Rajendra Prasad.

Q.Who was the first Prime Minister of Independent India?

Ans: Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru .

Q. What is full name of Bhimrao Ambedkar ?

Ans: Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar.

Q. Who is popularly known as Babasaheb?

Ans:Bhimrao Ambedkar.

Q. Why did Ambedkar  incorporated Fundamental Rights in the Constitution ?

Ans:Ambedkar  incorporated Fundamental Rights in the Constitution to eradicate untouchability and establish social equality among the Indians .

Q .When was a Draft Committee formed?

Ans: In August 29, 1947.

Q. How many times took by the constituent assembly to frame the Indian Constitution?

Ans: 2 years, 11 months and 18 days.

Q. From which country did the Indian Constitution incorporate the Directive Principles of State Policy?

Ans: From Ireland Constitution.

Q. Match column A with column B .

A	B
a)                    From British Constitution	Librty, equality, fratrnity
b)      From Canada, Australia ,South Africa	Directive Principles of State Policy
c)       From United States of America	Federal System
d)      From the Constitution of France	Fundamental Rights
e)      From Ireland Constitution	Parliamentary form

Ans:

A	B
a)      From British Constitution	Parliamentary form
b)      From Canada, Australia ,South Africa	Federal System
c)       From United States of America	Fundamental Rights
d)      From the Constitution of France	Librty, equality, fratrnity
e)      From Ireland Constitution	Directive Principles of State Policy

Q. Write about the contribution of Assam in the framing of the Constitution?

Ans: The leaders of Assam had a special contributions to the drafting of the Indian Constitution. Leaders like Syed Mohummad Sadullah, Gopinath Bordoloi, Dharanidhar Basumatary, Reverend J.J.M. Nichols-Roy, Nibaron Chandra Laskar, Kuladhar Chaliha, Rohini Kumar Choudhury and Abdul Rouf were contributed a lot to the drafting of the Indian Constitution. Syed Mohummad Sadullah was a member of the Drafting Committee. Gopinath Bordoloi was the Chairman of the Assam Scheduled Caste, Scheduled Tribe and Hill Tribes Advisory Committee. According to the advice of this Advisory Committee, the Sixth Schedule was included in the Constitution. This Schedule had provisions for autonomous administration for the North-Eastern Hills and Tribal Regions. In this way, these eminent persons played a powerful and constructive role in drafting the Constitution. They shared unanimous opinion in matters of common interest of the country as well as for their own state. 

Q. Write the Preamble of the  Indian Constitution .

Ans:  WE, THE PEOPLE OF INDIA, having solemnly resolved to constitute India into a SOVEREIGN, SOCIALIST, SECULAR, DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC and to secure to all its citizens-JUSTICE, social economic & political, LIBERTY, of thought, expression, belief faith and worship; EQUALITY of states and of opportunity and to promote among them all FRATERNITY assuring the dignity of the individual and the unity and integrity of the nation; IN OUR CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY this twenty-sixth day of November, 1949, do HEREBY ADOPT, ENACT AND GIVE TO OURSELVES THIS CONSTITUTION. 

Q. What is the preface of Indian Constitution?

Ans:  The Preamble to the Constitution.

Q. What is the mirror of Indian Constitution?

Ans:  The Preamble to the Constitution.

Q. Explain the basic objectives laid down in the Preamble to the Indian Constitution.

Ans: The Preamble explains the basic principles, objectives and purposes sought to be achieved or promoted by means of law. They are as follows - 

According to the Preamble "We, the people of India"- means the people of the country in their aggregate capacity. The Indian Constitution was framed by the people of India and given to the people for their welfare.

 Secondly, India is a sovereign state which means that the country is free from external control. People have the right to make independent decisions on internal as well as external matters without any external powers.

Third, the words 'Socialist' and 'Secular' were inserted in the Preamble by the 42nd Constitution Amendment Act, 1976. The word socialist explain that the wealth should not be generated in the limited hands but should be shared by society equally and government should regulate laws on it. The Constitution lays emphasis on socio-economic equality. Such provisions were made so that the country's production and distribution systems are managed by the people of the country.

The word secular expresses that the state does not patronage and prioritise any religion. Citizens have complete freedom to follow, accept and spread any religion of their choices. The state treats all religions, beliefs and practices with equal respect.

Fifth, India is a democratic state which means the state is run by elected representatives.

 Šixth, India is declared Republic which means that the head of the state is elected and not a hierarchy person. The President of India is elected indirectly by the elected representatives for a term of five years.

Q.Explain the basic principles  laid down in the Preamble to the Indian Constitution.

Ans:In order to ensure the citizen's rights, the Preamble incorporates four basic principles Justice, Liberty, Equality and Fraternity.

Justice:

Justice ensures social, political and economic justice to all citizens.

(a) Social justice: Every Indian citizen enjoys equal right to lead a respectful life.

 (b) Political justice: Every Indian has the right to enjoy equal political rights. Every adult citizen has the right to vote and participate in the election process. 

c) Economic justice: This justice refers to removal of economic inequality, equal wage for men and women; economic support to physically challenged and old person, equal distribution of state wealth and resources.

Liberty: Liberty ensures freedom of thought, expression, belief, faith and religion. Every citizen has the freedom to think, express her/his opinion, follow and propagate religion of one's own choice.

Equality :Equality is another basic principle of the Preamble. The preamble states that equal opportunity to be provided to all Indian citizen irrespective of caste, creed or religion. Every citizen is equal in the eyes of law and the law provide security to all. 

 Fraternity: For the unity and integrity of the nation, fraternity is considered as one of the basic principles. The state is to ensure that every citizen is provided equal opportunity and equal status. Everyone should respect each other's religion, language and culture in order to establish integration.

India would be a welfare state if all the above principles are followed accordingly.

Q. Write the features of Indian Constitution.

(1) The lengthiest written Constitution: The Indian Constitution is a written one. It contains detailed written list of basic administrative principle, Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles of State Policy, judiciary system, election procedure, etc. It is the lengthiest constitution in the world. The Constitution has 395 Articles, 22 parts and 12 schedule appended to it.

(2) The Preamble : The Preamble is the most significant part of the constitution. It can be called the key to the constitution.

3)Mixed Constitution :  One of the important features of the Indian Constitution is that it is a blend of flexibility and rigidity. According to the provision of the Indian Constitution, formation of a new state, demarcation of state boundary, etc. can be easily amended. But important provision like the Presidential election process, distribution of powers in Centre and state, Supreme Court and High Court laws cannot be amended easily. This shows the rigidity of the constitution.

(4) Sovereign State: You already know that the Preamble to the Constitution declares India to be a Sovereign State. This means India is internally supreme and externally independent.

(5) Secular State: Secularism is another important characteristic of the Indian Constitution.

 (6) Socialist State: The inclusion of the word 'Socialist' in the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act has declared India a socialist state.

(7) Single Citizenship: The Indian Constitution does not provide dual citizenship like the constitutions of United States of America and Ireland. It provides single citizenship to its citizen. Through single citizenship the spirit of unity and integrity can be aroused among various communities, castes, tribes, languages, religions and cultures.

(8) Mixture of Federal and Unitary Government: Though the Indian Constitution is said to be a Federal constitution but it is not completely federal in nature. Distribution of powers, written constitution, impartial judiciary are the characteristics of a federation. On the other hand strong central government, single citizenship, etc. are the characteristics of a unitary government. Therefore, the Indian Constitution is a combination of federal and unitary form of government.

(9) Parliamentary Government: Parliamentary form of government is another important characteristic of the Indian Constitution. According to this form of government, the President is the nominal head of the country. In accordance with the Constitution the executive power of Indian union is vested on the President. All other powers are vested on Prime Minister and the Council of Ministers. The Council of Ministers are collectively responsible to the Lok Sabha. The Council of Ministers function all activities of the country for the President. Such form of government is called Parliamentary form of government.

(10) Division of Power : Division of power is another significant characteristic of the Indian Constitution. The Indian Constitution has divided the powers in the Union and State under three lists. They are-Union List, State List and Concurrent List.

(11) Fundamental Rights and Duties: The Indian Constitution guarantees six Fundamental Rights to its citizens. Along with the Fundamental Rights there are 11 Fundamental Duties. 

(12) Directive Principles of State Policy: The Indian Constitution has taken the Directive Principles from the Constitution of Ireland. Certain principles were laid down in the Directive Principles of State Policy in order to make it a welfare state. These basic principles are-to increase the standard of living of its citizens, to establish economic status, to develop rural areas, to introduce panchayat system, to settle dispute peacefully, to spread brotherhood, to remove illiteracy, to provide free and compulsory education to all children of 6-14 years of age. Special reservation for socially backward, to preserve monuments and places of historical importance, conservation and development of nature. The government cannot be forced to implement these Principles and they are not enforceable by law.