1. What were the three factors which linked the Indian kingdoms with those of other parts of the world?
Ans: The three factors which linked the Indian kingdoms with those of other parts of the world were -
a) Trade
b) Kings and rulers
c) The movement of the pilgrims.
2. How were trade routes played an important role to link between the Indian Subcontinent and other parts of the world?
Ans: Traders played a very important link between the Indian Subcontinent and other parts of the world.
a)The Sea Routes:The various maps on sea routes of early periods show how traders travelled along shore lines of the Earth's surface. The sea links are known to exist from about 300 BCE. Evidence shows the connection between the Greeks and the Romans having come to the Indian shores from the west. There is evidence which suggests that there was some sea movements from the east as well, wherein the Chinese came all around the present day Indonesia and reached the Indian eastern coastline of India.
b)The Land Routes :The land routes connected India both to the west through the pass in the Hindu Kush Mountain ranges and to the north into Tibet and China through the Himalayan ranges. The Indus River flowing across the mountain ranges of Himalayas was the route which traders and explorers followed from the northern side.
c)The Western Coast: Bharuch was an important trading region. The traders brought wine, copper, tin, gold and silvercoins as well as semi-precious stones like coral, topaz, etc. They took back perfumes, herbs, ivory, agate, cotton and silk fabrics with them. The southern regions also were visited by Greek and Roman travellers. The findings show that pottery, beads and crystals were brought by them. Cotton cloth and variety of spices were taken away in trade from here.
d) The Eastern Coast :The evidence shows that on the eastern coast, the Chinese brought in pottery and silk and bartered with spices, gold and other metals from India. Cotton cloth was also in demand from India.
e) The Silk Route :Traders from China brought silk cloth and gifted it to kings and rulers in the kingdoms they visited. This route from China through which silk was sent to many parts of the world is also known as the Silk Route. The popularity of this fine fabric was enormous. Kings of the Central Asian region wanted to dominate the routes these traders took so as to be able to charge taxes and get rich.
3. Write down the importance of Bharush.
Ans: Bharuch was an important trading region. The traders brought wine, copper, tin, gold and silver as well as semi-precious stones like coral, topaz, etc. They took back perfumes, herbs, ivory, agate, cotton and silk fabrics with them. The southern regions also were visited by Greek and Roman travellers. The findings show that pottery, beads and crystals were brought by them. Cotton cloth and variety of spices were taken away in trade from here.
4. Which fabric made China popular?
Ans: Silk fabric.
5. Name three powerful dynasties about whom Sangam literature talks about.
Ans: The three powerful dynasties about whom Sangam literature talks about were -
a) the Cholas
b) the Cheras
c) the Pandyas.
6. Write about the Cholas.
Ans:The Cholas: The Cholas were ruling in the areas of modern day Andhra Pradesh and northern Tamil Nadu. This kingdom spread over the delta of the Kaveri River and areas around. The capital of this kingdom was Uraiyur.
7. Write about the Cheras.
Ans:The Cheras ruled the region of modern day Kerala and areas around. The capital city was Karur on the banks of the Amaravati River. This river is a tributary of Kaveri River. The region was famous for a variety of spices, jackfruit, ivory and precious stones.
7. Write about the Pandyas.
Ans:The another powerful dynasty was the Pandyas. They ruled the region of modern day south Andhra Pradesh and northern Tamil Nadu. Madurai was the capital of this kingdom. This kingdom was famous for its pearls. Megasthenes, the Greek scholar wrote that this kingdom was ruled by a woman who led a strong army for many years. The region was famous for art and literature.
8. In which areas did the Cholas rule?
Ans: The Cholas ruled in the areas of modern day Andhra Pradesh and northern Tamil Nadu.
9. What was the capital of the Chola dynasty?
Ans: Uraiyur.
10. What was the capital of the Chera dynasty?
Ans: Karur.
11. Which dynasty had its capital in Madurai?
Ans: The Pandyas.
12. Write about the Sungya Dynasty.
Ans: In the 2nd century BCE, Pushyamitra Sunga defeated the last of the Mauryan rulers Brihadratha and took over the empire. He was soon attacked by the Greek rulers from the west of Indus but he was able to defeat them. This led him to believe in his powers and he performed the ashwamedha yagna. This dynasty ruled for over a century in large territories of the Mauryan Empire.
13. Write about the Satavahanas.
Ans: The Satavahana dynasty became one of the important regional powers of Central India. They ruled for about three centuries. They were also known as Andhras. The Satavahana Empire was spread from Malwa region in the north to Karnataka in the south.
14. Which ruler defeated the last of the Mauryan rulers?
Ans: Pushyamitra Sunga.
15. Name the tribe to which Indo - Greek Sakas and Kushanas belonged to.
Ans: The Parthians.
16. Who was the famous ruler of Sakas?
Ans: Rudradaman.
17. Write about Sakas.
Ans: Sakas was the most famous dynasty . They were powerful rulers and ruled for nearly 300 years. Their most famous ruler was Rudradaman. Their capital was Ujjain in Central India.
18 . Who were the Parthians ?
Ans: The Parthians were of Persian origin. They had taken over some territories in the north-western region of Punjab and Sindh which forms most of northern Pakistan today. Gondophernes was one of their most prominent ruler. However this kingdom did not survive for very long.
19. What was the capital of Sakas?
Ans: Ujjain.
20. Who was the most prominent ruler of the Parthians?
Ans: Gondophernes.
21. Who were able to acquire control over nearly the whole of Punjab extending over to modern day Afghanistan?
Ans: The Kushanas.
22. Name the famous Kushana king.
Ans: Kanishka.
23. Who were Kushanas?
Ans: The Kushanas were tribes from Central Asia who came in from the west. They were able to defeat the Indo-Greeks, and later defeated the Sakas and Parthians. They were able to thus control nearly the whole of Punjab plains extending over modern day Afghanistan. They ruled from 15 CE to 120 CE. Kanishka was their most prominent king. He ruled for about 42 years.
24. Who wrote Charak Samhita?
Ans: Charak.
25. Name the famous ayurveda physician in the court of Kanishka?
Ans: Charak.
26.Who wrote the book Mahabhasya?
Ans: Patanjali.
27. During whose time, the book Buddha Charita was written?
Ans: During the time of Kanishka.
28. Fill in the blank:
Kanishka became a follower of Buddhism.
29. Name two sects of Buddhism.
Ans: The two sects of Buddhism are :
a) Mahayana and
b) Hinayana.
30. Name two Chinese scholars who visited India to learn the teachings of Buddhism.
Ans: Fa - Hien and Hiuen Tsang.
31. Choose the correct option.
1. The sea links are known to exist from about
i) 300 BCE ii) 400 BCE
iii) 500 BCE iv) 600 BCE
Ans: 300 BCE.
2. Bharuch , an important trading centre was located on the
i) western coast ii) eastern coast. iii) southern region
iv) none of these.
Ans: western coast.
3. China was famous for
i) cotton. ii)wool. iii) silk. iv) jute.
Ans: silk.
4. Sangam literature tells us about
i) Cholas ii) Cheras
iii) Pandyas iv) all of these
Ans: All of these.
5. Pottery and silk on the eastern coast of India was brought by
i) Greek ii) Romans
iii) Chinese iv) Sri Lankans
Ans: Chinese.
6. The capital of the Pandyas was
i) Madurai. ii) Uraiyur
iii) Karur iv) none of these
Ans: Madurai.
7. Mauryan rulers were succeeded by the
i) Sungas ii) Satavahanas
iii) Sakas iv) Kushanas
Ans: Sungas.
8. Kushanas were tribes from
i) Southeast Asia. ii) Central Asia. iii) Southwest Asia
iv) none of these.
Ans: Central Asia.
9. The most famous king of the Kushanas was
i) Rudradaman. ii) Kanishka
iii)Meander.
iv) Harshavardhana
Ans: Kanishka.
10. Charak Samhita is a valuable source of knowledge on
i) ayurvedic studies
ii) astronomy. iii) grammar
iv)none of these
Ans: ayurvedic studies.
32. Fill in the blanks.
1. The Greeks and Romans came to the Indian shores from the west.
2. The capital of the Cholas was Uraiyur.
3. Megasthenes was the Greek scholar who wrote about the Pandyas.
4. The Chola Kingdom spread over the delta of the Kaveri River.
5. The Satavahanas were also known as Andhras.
6. Nagasena was a Buddhist monk.
33 . State whether true or false.
1. The Cheras ruled from Tamil Nadu.
Ans: False.
2. Pushyamitra Sunga defeated the last of the Mauryan rulers.
Ans: True.
3. The Satavahanas became one of the most important regional powers of north India.
Ans: False.
4. Millinda was the most powerful ruler of Sakas.
Ans: False.
5. Patanjali wrote a book named Mahabhasya.
Ans: True.
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