Important questions:
1. What is the full name of Mahatma Gandhi?
Ans: Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi.
2. When was the first World War started?
Ans: In 1914.
3. Who were the supporters of Allied Group in the first World War?
Ans: Britain, U.S. and France.
4. When was the first World War ended?
Ans: In 1918.
5. When was the Russian Revolution take place?
Ans: In 1917.
6. When did Gandhiji began the struggle of Indias against racism in South Africa?
Ans: In 1893.
7.When was Gandhiji born?
Ans: On October 2, 1869.
8. When did Gandhiji go to England to study law?
Ans: In 1888.
9. When Gandhiji returned to India as a barrister - at- law?
Ans: In 1891.
10. Who founded Natal Indian Congress?
Ans: Mahatma Gandhi.
11. Who founded the newspaper Indian Opinion?
Ans: Mahatma Gandhi.
12. In which country did Gandhi first apply the technique of Satyagraha?
Ans: In South Africa.
13. What is the root meaning of Satyagraha?
Ans: The root meaning of Satyagraha is holding on to truth.
14. From whose writings Gandhi was influenced in evolving the concept of Satyagraha?
Ans: Tolstoy and Thoreau.
15. Briefly write about the three local disputes where Gandhi first applied the technique of Satyagraha in India?
Ans: During 1917 and 1918, Gandhi was able to solved three local disputes - in Champaran , Ahmedabad and Kheda.
a) Champaran Satyagraha (1917):In Champaran, Gandhi took up the cause of peasants against landlords. Gandhi was requested by a local man to look into the problems of the farmers in context of indigo planters of Champaran in Bihar. The British government introduced tinkathia system.
At last , Gandhi was able to convince the authorities that the tinkathia system should be abolished.
b) Kheda Satyagraha ( 1918) : In Kheda Gandhi took up the case of farmers against the collection of land-revenue when their crops failed. Because of drought in 1918, the crops failed in Kheda district of Gujrat. But the government imposed land - revenue on it.
Gandhi was successful at this dispute. The government sought to bring about an agreement with the farmers and agreed to suspend the tax for the year in 1918.
c) Ahmedabad Mill Strike(1918): In Ahmedabad he took the cause of the mill- workers against the mill owners. Gandhi intervened in a dispute between cotton mill owners of Ahmedabad and the workers over the issue of discontinuation of the plague bonus. Gandhi advised the workers to remain non-violent while on strike. At last he became successful in this dispute.
16) .When did British government pass the Rowlatt Act?
Ans: In 1919.
17) Write about Rowlatt Act.
Ans: The British government passed the Rowlatt Act in 1919. The Act authorized the government to imprison any person without trial and conviction in a Court of law.
18) What is Satyagraha?
Ans: According to Gandhi, Satyagraha was a religious movement, a process of purification and penance.
19) When was Gandhi started Satyagraha or the Non-Violence movement?
Ans: Gandhi started Satyagraha or the Non-Violence movement in 1919 , in protest against the Rowlatt Act.
20) When Jallianwala Bagh Massacre took place?
Ans: In April 13, 1919.
21) Why did Rabindranath Tagore renounce his Knighthood?
Ans: Rabindranath Tagore renounced his Knighthood in protest against the Jallianwalla Bagh Massacre.
22) Write about Jallianwala Bagh Massacre .
Ans: The Jallianwala Bagh Massacre was taken place on 13 April, 1919. On April 13, a public meeting was held in Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar. General Dyer took no steps to prevent it from being held. The meeting ground was enclosed on all sides by high walls and had one narrow entrance. Under the orders of General dyer, British troops mercilessly fired on the unarmed and defenseless people. At that massacre hundreds of lives were lost and many more were wounded. Martial law was proclaimed in Punjab. It was marked by indiscriminate arrests, confiscation of property, whipping etc. The government appointed a Committee of Enquiry under Lord Hunter to probe the Punjab disturbances. Dyar was removed from active servic by the British government in London, but he was absolved from guilt. A strong wave of discontent swept the country. In protest against the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre , Rabindranath Tagore renouncd his Knighthood.
23. Write about Khilafat Movment.
Ans: Turkey was defeated in the First World War, and the influence of the Khalifa was greatly reduced. The Muslims regarded the Sultan of Turkey as their Khalifa or spiritual head. The Muslim became upset when they found that Khalifa would retain no control over his empire's holy places. The Muslims in India became apprehensive of the fate of the Khalifa and formed a Khilafat Committee under the leadership of Maulana Shaukat Ali and Mohammad Ali, for the restoration of the Sultan of Turkey as Khalifa of Islam. Gandhi started the Khalifat movement as he viewed it as a golden opportunity for bringing Muslims and Hindus together on the national front. Gandhi successfully persuaded the Khilafat Committee to accept the non - violent non- cooperation movment as the only effective way to force the government to accept its demand.
24.What were the causes of the Non - cooperation Movement?
Or
Why did Mahatma Gandhi launch the Non - cooperation movement of 1920- 22?
Ans: The Non -cooperation Movement was launched in 1920 and lasted in 1922.The causes of the Non - cooperation Movement were:
a) The discontent over the World War -1 , as it had taken big toll on India's economy and human resource.
b) The growing British oppression of Indians as demonstrated by the Rowlatt Act of 1919.It provided the authority with the right to imprison any person suspected of terrorism for two years without any trial. Under Gandhi a wide pread protest movement took place against the Act.
c) The Jallianwala Bagh massacre of 1919.
d) The economic exploitation of India by the British.
e) The Indian Muslims had launched the Khilafat movement to ensure protection of the Ottoman Empire.
25. When was the Non - cooperation movement launched?
Ans: The Non - cooperation movement was launched in 1920, at the session of Indian National Congress held at Calcutta, under the leadership of Gandhi.
26. What were the programmes of Non - cooperation Movement?
Ans: Under the leadership of Gandhi, the Non - cooperation movement was launched in 1920, at the session of Indian National Congress held at Calcutta. This movement ignited the emotions of the people.Both Hindus and Muslim participated in it.
In Non- cooperation movement , they took several programmes. There was huge bonfire of foreign cloth in different places. Shops selling foreign goods and liquor were picketed.Many students left government schools and colleges. The peasants of Midnapore in Bengal organized a very effective no- tax campaign. The Congress set up National Educational institutions like the Kashi Vidyapeeth, Benaras Vidyapeeth, the National Muslim University of Aligarh etc. Seth Jamona Lal Bajaj declared that he would give Rupees one lakh a year for the maintenance of non- practising lawyers. Forty lakh volunteers were enrolled by the Congress. Twenty thousand ' Charkhas' were manufactured. The people started deciding their disputes by means of arbitration.The Tilak Swarajya Fund was able to collect over a crore of rupees within a short period. The women too actively took part in the movement.The visit of the Prince of Wales was boycotted.Gandhi toured almost the whole country to whip up enthusiasm of the people.
27.What are the two aspects of the Non- cooperation movement?
Ans: The Non- cooperation movement had two aspects - positive and negative.
1)Positive aspects: It incldede -
a) the promotion of Swadeshi, particularly the revival of hand- spinning and weaving
b) removal of untouchability among the Hindus
c) promotion of Hindu - Muslim unity.
d) prohibition of the use of alcoholic drinks,
e) the collection of a crore of rupees for the Tilak Swarajya Fund.
2) Negative aspects: The negative side is usually referred to as the triple boycott;
a) boycott of Legislatures,
b) boycott of Courts and
c) boycott of educational institutions - schools and colleges maintained or aided by the Government.
The minor items of boycott included surrender of titles, honours etc. But the negative programme necessitated some positive aspects,like
a) setting up arbitration boards to take the place of Courts.
b) Setting up of national schools and colleges.
28) When did the Simon Commission come to India?
Ans: In 1928.
29) When was the Non-cooperation movement come to an end?
Ans: On February 12, 1922.
30) What made Gandhi suspend the Non - cooperation movement?
Ans: Gandhi suspend the Non - cooperation movement because of the incidence of Chauri Chaura.
On February 5, 1922 there was a serious mob violence at Chauri Chaura in Gorakhpur district of United Province. The local police attacked the protestors and then they violently collided with the police. Three protestors were killed in police firing. Protestors burnt down the police station and about twenty two policemen were killed.Gandhi was shocked at this incident and felt that without adequate discipline and restraint on the part of the people,the Movement had proved to be a ' Himalayan blunder'. He at once suspended the movement and sat on fast for three weeks.
31.When did the Chauri - Chaura incident take place?
Ans: On February 5, 1922.
32. Under what circumstances did Lala Lajpat Rai lost his life?
Ans:At Lahore, a procession was organized against the Simon Commission under the leadership of Lala Lajpat Rai. At this procession Lala Lajpat Rai was 'lathi- charged'. He was seriously wounded and subsequently he died.
33. Which day was celebrated as ' Purna Swaraj Day' or Independence Day throughout the country?
Ans: January 26, 1930.
34. Who is known as Frontier Gandhi?
Ans: Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan.
35. When did Gandhi start his Salt March from Sabarmati Ashram to the seacoast of Dandi ?what is the distance between Sabarmati Ashram and the seacoast of Dandi?
Ans: on 12 March 1930 ,Gandhi started his Salt March from Sabarmati Ashram to the sea coast of Dandi.
The distance between Sabarmati Ashram and the sea coast of Dandi was 385 km.
36) who gave the slogan 'do or die'?
Ans: Mahatma Gandhi.
37) when was the second round table conference held?
Ans: in 1931 .
38) who participated in the second round table conference?
Ans: Mahatma Gandhi.
39) Who offered communal award in 1932?
Ans: Ramsey McDonald.
40) what were the provisions of Indian Independence act of 1947?
Ans: The British parliament passed the Indian Independence act in July 1947 .Its main provisions were -
a) India and Pakistan were to become independent on August 15 ,1947.
b) Two dominions of India and Pakistan were to be established and their Constituent Assemblies were to decide whether to remain within the British commonwealth of nations or not.
c) Each dominion was to have a Governor General appointed by the king .
d)The legislatures of both the dominions were fully empowered to make their laws.
41) when India got it's independence?
Ans: On 15 August ,1947.
42. Write about communal award ,1932.
Ans: During the disturbed days of the Civil Disobedience Movement, the British policy of 'divide and rule 'found a new expression in the announcement of the communal award in August 1932 by the British prime minister Ramsay McDonald. Apart from continuing with the policy of giving separate electorates to the minority communities , namely - Christian , Sikh and Muslim, the Award declared the depressed classes also to be minorities .They were given separate electorates and thus separated from the rest of the Hindus. On this issue, Gandhi ,in jail, undertook a fast and unto death.
43) What are the provisions of Indian independence act of 1947?
Answer: The British parliament passed the Indian Independence Act in July 1947. It's main provisions where:
44) when did the British domination over India come to an end?i ) India and Pakistan where to become independent on 15 1947 .
ii)Two dominions of India and Pakistan were to be established and their Constituent Assembly were to decide whether to remain within the British commonwealth of Nations or not.
iii) Each dominion was to have a Governor General appointed by the king
iv) The legislatures of both the dominions were fully empowered to make their laws.
Ans: On August 17 ,1947.
46) Write about Indian National Army.
The idea of the Indian National Army (INA) was first conceived by Captain Mohan Singh, an Indian officer of the British army in Malaya who had to surrender to the Japanese in the Second World War.
In March, 1942, a conference of expatriate Indians was held in Tokyo which led to the formation of the Indian Independence League. This was followed by a conference in Bangkok (June, 1942) where Rash Behari Bose was elected President of the League and a decision was taken to raise the Indian National Army or Azad Hind Fauz. The Bangkok conference also invited Subhas Chandra Bose to Japan. Shortly after his arrival, Rash Behari Bose resigned from the Presidency of the Indian Independence League in favour of Bose.
In Singapore, on October 21, 1943, he formed the 'Provisional Government of free India' (Azad Hind Sarkar) whose object was to expel the British from Indian soil. The INA was reorganized, and apart from the Indian Prisioners of War, recruits were sought from civilians, funds were gathered and even a women's regiment called the Rani Jhansi regiment was formed.
The slogan of the INA was 'Jai Hind'. It fought with the Japanese army against the British and Commonwealth forces in the campaigns in Burma, Imphal and Kohima. Bose's famous quote, 'give me blood and I shall give you freedom' motivated his followers. However, the defeat of Japan and surrender in the war also led to the eventual surrender of INA.
Subhas Bose is reported to have been killed in an air crash in August, 1945. Even though his strategy of winning freedom in cooperation with the Fascist powers was criticized, at the same time most of the Indian nationalist praised him for organizing the INA to set an inspiring example of patriotism before the Indian people and the Indian army. He was hailed as Netaji by the entire country.
47) What are the demands made by Gandhi during the Civil Disobedience Movement?
Ans: The demands made by Gandhi during the Civil Disobedience Movement were---
1)Prohibition of use of intoxicants,
2)Change of the ratio of rupee and sterling
3)Reduction of the rate of land revenue
4)Abolition of salt tax
5)Reduction of military expenditure
6)Reduction of expenditure on civil administration
7)Imposition of custom duty on foreign cloths
8)Acceptance of the Postal Reservation Bill
9)Abolition of the Crime Investigation Department.
10) Release of all political prisoners
11)Issuing license of arms to citizens for self protection, subject to popular control
.jpeg)
0 Comments
Comment