1. What is natural resource?
Ans: Every natural element having utility for man can be called natural resource. Land, water ,air , minerals , vegetation , wildlife etc. are valuable natural resource.
2. How many percent of the earth's surface is covered by land area?
Ans: 29 percent.
3. Why is land significant for human civilization?
Ans: Land Resource is responsible for providing man with food, clothing,shelter and fuel. The existence and development of plants and animals are dependent on land resource. Agriculture, craft, transport and communication, etc. also develops based on land. So land or soil is most significant in terms of human civilization.
4. Why is human settlement not uniformly distributed over the earth's surface?
Ans: Human settlement is not uniformly distributed over the earth's surface primarily due to the variations in the climatic and soil conditions. Generally human settlement is absent or very thin in uneven Rocky places ,steep mountain slopes, low - lying swamps, desert regions , polar regions, dense forests, etc.
5. How land is used by man?
Ans: Land is used for agricultural activities, industry, extraction of minerals, afforestation, housing, construction of roads etc.
6. At present, why the demand of usable land has increased?
Ans: Due to increase in population and economic competition.
7. How many percent of land is used for agricultural activities?
Ans: 54 percent.
8. How is land used in rural areas?
Ans: In rural area, land is the source of living for a cultivator. They make a living by cultivating the land . For cultivation, many people clear forests, grasslands etc. or transform marshy lands, swamps, grazing fields , etc. into cultivable land.
9) What are the causes of land degradation?
Ans: The causes of land degradation are :
a) Unplanned agricultural practice.
b) Industrialisation
c) Excessive use of forests and grasslands.
d) Greater application of chemical fertilizer, pesticides etc. during cultivation pollutes the land.
e) Setting up of brick industries etc. in the agricultural fields.
10) What is land sliding?
Ans: Landslide is a hazard that occurs due to natural factors as well as human activities.Because of incessant rains, earthquake tremors etc. large mass of land slides downwards from higher places. In hilly areas, landslide occurs due to digging of earth by human and deforestation etc.
11) Write two causes of land sliding?
Ans: The two causes of land sliding are:
a) Incessant rains ,
b) earthquake tremors etc.
12) What is soil erosion?
Ans: Soil gets eroded due to the actions of wind, rain, river, glacier etc soil may get eroded because of human activities as well.
13) What are the causes of soil erosion?
Ans: The causes of soil erosion are:
a) Soil gets eroded due to some natural activities like the actions of wind, rain, river, glacier etc.
b) Soil may get eroded through some human activities.
14) What is bank erosion?
Ans: Erosion of soil along both the banks of a river due to the actions of the river is called Bank erosion. It results in loss of soil .The magnitude of bank erosion increases after the occurrence of flood.
15.What is desertification?
Ans: Extension of desert due to natural or human factor or creation of a new desert is called desertification.
16) How is the desert like occured?
Ans: Conducting cultivation repeatedly on the same plot of land by applying greater quantity of fertilizers, chemicals, irrigation for enhancing productivity destroys fertility, reduces the moisture holding capacity and the ground water level reduces. Consequently the entire area might become dry or desert like.
17) What steps can be taken up for conservation of land?
Ans: The steps can be teken up for conservation of land are as follows:
a) plantation of trees and grasses as per soil quality.
b) adopting suitable method of agriculture considering the type of prevailing environment.
c) terrace cultivation in high altitude areas.
d) checking deforestation and cutting of earth in hilly areas.
e) planting of trees in rows in areas surrounding cultivable grounds.
f) afforestation in fallow land etc.
18) Write two causes of desertification.
Ans: The two causes of desertification are : a)deforestation
b) intensive grazing of animals etc.
19) Fill in the blanks:
Water is a renewable resource.
20) How many percent of the earth's surface is covered with water?
Ans: 2/3 percent.
21) How many percent of water is available for day to day activities?
Ans: 2.5 percent.
22) Give an example of a dispute regarding water.
Ans: Cauvery water dispute between Karnataka and Tamil Nadu .
23) How many percent of water is available for use by us?
Ans: Only about 1 percent.
24) What are the sources of freshwater?
Ans: rain, underground water, rivers ,lake etc.
25) How water gets stored?
Ans: Water gets stored through the process of evaporation, precipitation and run off.
26) Write two reasons of water pollution?
Ans: a) Use of chemical fertilizer, pesticides etc. in agricultural activities get mixed with water and it pollutes the water.
b) Due to discharge of industrial wastage and other chemical products into the rivers and ponds.
27) What steps should be undertaken for conservation of water?
Ans: a) necessary step have to be taken to stop water pollution.
b) rain water can be tapped for utilising in various activities.
c) surface run - off can also be checked through terrace cultivation. It saves water.
d) rate of evaporation is more in open spaces.This can be reduce by planting trees.
e) The water once used can be conserved again. Reutilisation of water once used through fittering is known as recycling of water.
28) What are the two times of energy resource?
Ans: The two types of energy resource are:
a) Conventional energy
b) Non conventional energy.
29) What are conventional energy resource?
Ans: Fuel wood and other organic fuel traditionally used since the past are the source of conventional energy.
30) Give some examples of organic fuel.
Ans: Coal, Petroleum and natural gas are some examples of organic fuel.
31) Write short notes on-
a) Coal
Ans: Coal is an organic fuel. It is used as domestic fuel, iron and steel industry, steam engine, thermal power plant etc. Raniganj , Jharia, Dhanbad, Bokara etc. are important coal producing areas in India.Some amount of coal found in Ledo, Makum, Joipur, etc. in Assam and Cherrapunji in Meghalaya.
b) Petroleum:
Petroleum is a type of liquid organic fuel found within rock layers underneath the earth's surface. Petrol, diesel, kerosene etc. are produced by extracting crude oil from the oil fields and are refined in the refineries.It is also called ' liquid gold' because of its high value. Major petroleum producing countries of the world are Iran, Iraq, Saudi Arab, USA ,Russia etc. Digboi, Naharkatia ,Moran in Assam and Bombay High in Maharashtra are places for petroleum drilling. LPG ( Liquified Petroleum Gas) used for cooking purpose is a form of Petroleum gas.
c) Natural Gas:
Ans: Natural gas is present with petroleum in the earth's interior. Natural gas is extracted from the oil field at the time of extracting crude oil. Natural gas is used as a domestic as well as industrial fuel. Natural gas is found in Jaisalmer,deltaic region of Krishna- Godavari etc. in India.It is also found in Assam, Tripura, Rajasthan and coastal areas of Maharashtra.
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