Economic geography: Subject Matter and Resource

 

Economic Geography: Subject Matter and Resource is an important lesson for class 10 students. Here are some important questions on this lesson.Hope that students get benefitted from this questions.

1) what is economic geography?

Ans: Economic geography is a branch of human geography. The study of human activities associated with production, distribution, consumption and exchange of resources is done in spatial and temporal contexts is known as economic geography.

2) Who is regarded as the father of Modern economic geography?

Ans: George Chisholm.

3) What is the main objective of economic geography?

Ans: According to George Chisholm the main objective of economic geography is determination of the economic development trend and direction of a place.

4)What are the economic activities of a man?

Ans: The four types of economic activities of a man are discussed in following:

a) Primary Occupation: The human activity through which man collects resources from the nature is called primary occupation.

               Agricultural activity, fishing activity, forest resource collection, mineral resource collection etc. are some examples of primary occupation.

b) Secondary Occupation: The human activity through which man transforms the commodities collected from the nature into a usable form by using various technologies is called secondary education.

         Manufacturing process, various types of construction and repairing works are some examples of secondary education.

c) Tertiary Occupation: The human activity through which the commodities produced by means of primary and secondary activities reach the consumers is called tertiary occupation.

        Transport communication, marketing, wholesale or retail selling , tourism activity etc. are some examples of tertiary activity.

d) Quaternary Occupation:The human activity through which the secondary and tertiary activities can be made more easy and productive is called quaternary occupation.

         Bank or other financial institutions, publicity media, administration , education and research, etc.

5. Write about the scope of economic geography.

Ans: In the economic geography, the distribution of economic activities of man and the factors and processes with it are mainly studied.

The scope of the study of economic geography is mainly based on some basic questions. These questions are as follows -

a) Where is the economic activity located?

b) What are the characteristics of the economic activity?

c) To what other phenomena is the economic activity related?

d) Why is the economic activity located where it is?

e) Would it not be better if located elsewhere?

              Among these questions, the traditional economic geography is associated with the first three questions. While the latter two questions have laid the foundation of modern economic geography.

6. What is the full form of GIS?

Ans: Geographical Information System.

7. What are the major branches of economic geography ?

Ans: The major branches of economic geography are:

a) Agricultural Geography: Agricultural Geography is an important branch of Economic Geography. In this branch, factors associated with agricultural activity, types of agriculture ,distribution and methods of agriculture activity, crop production and its associated theory ,marketing and export - import of agricultural produces ,etc are studied.

b) Industrial geographical: In this branch, economic and other factors associated with establishment of industry, types of industry and geographical distribution , production of industrial goods, theories associated with location of industry, marketing and export - import of industrial produces etc are studied.

c) Geography of Resources: Here, types of resource, regional distribution of resources, the factors associated with exploration and production of resources, relationship between resource and development, conservation and management of resources etc. are studied.

d) Transport Geography: In transport geography, types of transport system and factors associated with it , role of transport on resource distribution , role of transport in movement and economic activities of man,  role of transport system towards economic development, viz. industrial development, agricultural development, etc are studied.

e) Geography of Marketing: Here ,  the need of establishing markets and the associated factors, types and distribution of markets and associated theories, etc are studied.

f) Geography of Planning and Development: Here,  factors associated with economic development , planning strategies , sustainable development , regional and resource based development process, etc are studied.

g) Geography of Tourism : Here , tourism and factors associated with its growth, types of tourism, development and planning process of tourism system ,etc are studied.

These are the main branches of economics geography.

8. What is resource?

Ans: All the materials essential for human living are known as resources. The air, water, sunrays, soil ,plants, fruits, minerals etc found on the earth are all essential to man. Hence these are all resources.

According to a famous economist Zimmermann, any material to become a resource should have to properties , viz. functionality and utility.

9. What are the two properties of resources?

Ans: the two properties of resources are -

a) functionality

b) utility 

10 . How is man associated with the resource?

Ans: Man is associated with resource in two different ways -

 a) as a creator or producer of resource and 

b) as a producer of resource.

11. What is human resource?

Ans: As a producer or a creator of resource man is also a kind of resource , it is known as human resource.

12. Resource is dynamic .explain why?

Ans: Resource is dynamic . Though a commodity is not used by man today or it is harmful to man today ,the same may be used for human welfare in future. There are some neutral stuff and resistances. With the expansion of human knowledge and development of Science and technology many such neutral stuffs and resistances  found on the earth are getting transformed into resources through human efforts. It is due to a such dynamic attribute of resource, a material or phenomenon which is found to be useful today may get transformed in the course of time into a resistance or neutral stuff.

13. What is neutral stuff?

Ans: The materials which are in no way useful or harmful to man are known as neutral stuff.

14. What is resistance?

Ans: the materials or phenomena harmful to man are called resistance.

15. What is wealth?

Ans: In economics ,the materials which have value in exchange are called wealth.

16. 'All wealth is resources, but all resources may not be wealth '. Explain why?

Ans: All the materials essential for human living are known as resources. On the other hand, the materials which have value in exchange are called wealth. Wealth can be transferred from one individual to another through money or value. For example,  land, house,  machineries , company share, etc are wealth. Because all these have market price. But, sunshine,air , water , soil, rivers, lakes, education, social institutions, good government, public health, etc are not included in the category of wealth. Because some of these are found in abundance and some others cannot be exchanged and do not have market value.  Thus , all wealth is resources, but all resources may not be wealth.

17. What is natural resource?

Ans: The resources , for example, sunshine, air, water, soil, plants , animals, minerals, rivers , etc which after natural formation remain distributed on the earth, are known as Natural Resources . These are found in solid, liquid or gaseous states and metallic and non - metallic form .

18. What do you mean by man-made resource?

And: The resources which are made by the man are called man made resources. For example: bridge, house , building etc.

19. What are biotic resources?

Ans: The resources which have life are called biotic resources. The plants, animals, fishes, crops , etc are biotic resources.

20. What are abiotic resources?

Ans: The resources which have not life are called abiotic resources. Soil , rock , water, air, minerals, coal ,etc are abiotic resources.

21. What are renewable resources?

Ans: The resources which can be kept  unexhausted after use through the process of regeneration are called renewable or inexhaustible resources. Sunshine, air, water, plants, animals, human - beings , crops, etc are renewable resources.

22. What are non - renewable resources?

Ans: The resources which cannot be regenerated after use and get completely exhausted are called Non - renewable or Exhaustible Resources. Coal, mineral oil, minerals , natural gas, etc are non - renewable resources.

23. What is individual resource?

Ans: The things in possession of individual man are called individual resources. Land , household properties and good self attributes are some examples of individual resources.

24. What are national resources?

Ans:  All the resources under the responsibility or possession of a country are called as national resources. Transport networks, land , rivers , bridges, wildlife sanctuaries, plants and animals present in forests, educational institutions, administrative systems, government, etc are called national resources. Kaziranga National Park is a national resource.

25. What are international resources?

Ans: National resources belonging to all the countries and the resources under the possession of the whole world are together known as international resources. Oceans and seas and their mineral and biotic resources, atmosphere, forests, etc are together known as international resources.

26. What do you mean by conservation of resources?

Ans: Use of resources and its conservation are very closely associated. Generally, the concept or act of possible complete utilization of any resource without any destruction and misuse is known as Conservation of Resources.

It means the main objective of resource conservation is that we have to collect and use the necessary resources from the nature in such a way so that we all continue to get benefit from these for long time.

27. What is the full form of IUCN?

Ans: International Union for Conservation of Nature.

28. In which year was the IUCN formed?

Ans: In 1948.

29. Under whose initiative WWF and World Conservation Monitoring Centre have been established?

Ans: IUCN.

30 . Which day is celebrated as World Environment Day?

Ans: 5 June .

31. In which year was Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education  formed?

Ans: In 1986.

32. Write in brief about the methods of resource conservation.

Ans: The methods of resource conservation are as follows: 

 (a) Search for Alternative Resource: It is necessary to carry out required research and survey for exploring possible source of alternative resource even when the production of any highly used resource goes on. Synthetic fibre in place of cotton fibre, synthetic rubber in place of natural rubber, etc are a few examples of alternative resources, Besides, in order to reduce the use of non-renewable energy resources like coal, mineral oil, etc, use of renewable resources like solar energy, hydro electricity , wind energy, organic energy, etc needs to be increased.

(b) Recycling: In order to reduce the use of raw materials with limited reserve usable disposed garbages can be reused through the process of recycling. For instance, by the method of recycling of the old polythene bag, plastic bottle, paper, iron scrapes, etc the use of raw materials for such products can be reduced to some extent. Thus, the recycling of some usable waste materials helps conservation of resources.

(c) Innovation: Necessary study and research are to be undertaken to develop innovation in converting the resources collected from the nature into usable forms. This also helps check misuse of raw materials and increase resource production. Emphasis needs to be given on the use of organic fertilizer so as to check the negative impact of the use of chemical fertilizer.

(d) Waste Control: Considerable amount of resources can be conserved if adequate measures are taken to check production of waste materials through their recycling and reuse while converting raw materials to useful resources. For example, while constructing wooden materials after cutting trees, if arrangement is simultaneously made by utilizing waste wood through establishment of some small industries, misuse of natural resources can be checked. If the waste materials of wood and bamboo generated in a paper mill are converted into organic or chemical substances, the pressure on natural resources will automatically fall.

(e) Expansion of Knowledge and Education: For proper management of production and use of resources, expansion of knowledge and education is highly essential. Awareness among the people needs to be increased to check unnecessary wastage of resources.

(f) Execution of Conservation Related Acts: For proper execution of resource conservation programmes the provision of conservation acts needs to be strict and transparent and it should be effectively implemented.

(g) Proper Assessment of Resource Reserve: For future planning of resource use a correct assessment of available reserve of any resource is necessary. This in turn helps in curtailing unnecessary use of certain resource and emphasizing to explore alternative resource.

(h) Assessment of Future Requirement of Resources: Looking at the extent of present use of a resource and growth rate of population it is highly essential to determine the future requirement of the resource. It is through this effort also unnecessary use and wastage of resources can be checked and at the same it would help in expediting exploration of alternative resource.