UNDERSTANDING GENDERS
1. With the help of one example, explain that women also do difficult work.
Ans: In many societies, women are considered as weak, but if we look at some examples then we would realise that they are not weak.
We take an example of women that they can do some difficult tasks like men. In the villages in the hills of the north- eastern states or the Garhwal , the women go to work in the tea gardens, they work to get food and water to the homes, carry loads of firewood on their heads while the men may be just grazing goats and cattle or idling away fishing throughout the day.
2.How are girls and boys treated differently during their childhood?
Ans: During childhood , in most of the families girls and boys are treated differently. Likewise,
1) The girls are generally given dolls and kitchen sets to play with while the boys get cars, airplanes and mechanical toy sets.
2) Girls are raised to be soft spoken, while boys can be brash and mischievous.
3) Boys are allowed to enjoy more freedom. They could play on trees, plat outdoor games and move around unaccompanied and unescorted while the girls were expected to give a helping hand to the mothers and in the process learn domestic works.
3.Why do some parents prefer male child?
Ans: Some parents prefer male child. There are several causes for that. Some are -
1) Because of the system of dowry.
2) They think that boys can earn more property rather than girl.
3) THe boys were considered to be the future of the family and expected to continue with the family name and traditions.
4) Name a social reformer who was against the prevalent sati system.
Ans: Raja Ram Mohan Roy.
5) Who founded the Hindu Balika Vidyalaya in Calcutta?
Ans: Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar.
6) Who started the Arya Samaj?
Ans: Swami Dayanand Saraswati.
7) Name the book written by Tara Bai Shinde.
Ans: Stri Purush Tulana.
8) Who was Raja Ram Mohan Roy?
Ans: Raja Ram Mohan Roy was an advocate of religious and social reform. He took out knowledge from the Vedas to give women an honourable position in society .He opposed to the practice of sati. Roy was also in favour of women's education and preached for widow remarriage.As a propagator of education he emphasised on the education of women.
9) Who was Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar?
Ans: Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar was a social reformer , who played an important role in raising the status of women in society and emancipating them from the social evils prevalent in the society at that time. He belonged to Bengal and was in favour of women's education .He also opened many schools ,founded the Hindu Balika Vidyalaya in Calcutta. His efforts led to the enactment of the Widow Remarriage Act in the year 1856.
10) Who was Dayanand Saraswati?
Ans: Dayanand Saraswati was the founder of Arya Samaj. He launched an attack on numerous social evils prevalent in society like sati, polygamy, caste system , inferior status of women ,etc.
11) Who was Mahadev Govind Ranade?
Ans: He was an active member of the Prarthana Samaj. Ranade was associated with the widow remarriage association. He also worked towards raising the marriageable age of women, their education, discouragement of polygamy by men and abolition of the caste system.
12) Who was Tara Bai Shinde?
Ans: Tara Bai Shinde hailed from Pune , Maharashtra. She was a famous activist and she championed the cause of women's equality and protested patriarchy and caste in the 19th century India. She wrote " Stri Purush Tulana" . Her thoughts and words challenged the customs and traditions which were the cause of oppression of women.
13) Who was Begum Rokheya Sakhawat Hossain?
Ans: Begum Rokheya Sakhawat Hossain was a creative writer and a social worker in Bengal in the early 20th century. She is most famous for her efforts on gender equality and other social issues. She established the first school primarily for Muslim girls at Patna and Calcutta.
14. Who launched Beti Bachao Beti Padhao scheme?
Ans: Three ministries of the Central Government of India, namely, Ministry of Women and Child Development, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare and Ministry of Human Resource Development jointly started 1 a campaign called Beti Bachao Beti Padhao scheme in January 2015.
15. What is the aim of beti bachao beti padhao scheme?
Ans: The he aim of beti bachao beti padhao scheme is to celebrate the birth of a girl child to prevent the violation of the interests of girls occurring as a result of conservative social attitudes.
According to the Prime Minister, the main aim of the campaign is to give equal status to women and that every girl child should be educated so that she can learn what she wants.
16. What are the objectives of beti bachao beti padhao scheme?
Ans: The objectives of beti bachao beti padhao scheme are :
a) To stop the discrimination of the girl child and practice of gender determination test.
b) To ensure the survival and protection of girls.
c) To ensure the participation of girls in education and other areas .
d) Save the girl child and ensure her safety with a view to strengthen and create a better India.
17. Explain the role of education in the personality development of women.
Ans: Through education women can understand their rights and can insist upon their parents to allow them to go in for higher education and jobs. Education instils in them self-confidence and belief in their own capabilities to meet the challenges of the world. Education not only helps them in jobs and other worldly issues it also makes them more aware at handling domestic chores if they wish to remain at home.
18. Why did the government begin the mid - day meal scheme?
Ans: The Government aimed at improving the health and attract children to schools and ensure attendence turned out to be a boon for girl child. Those parents who could not afford to give a proper meal to their children started sending them to school so that at least they could get a free meal. So the government begin the mid - day meal scheme.
1. Multiple Choice Questions. Tick the correct option.
1. Who founded the Hindu Balika Vidalaya in Calcutta?
(a) Swami Dayanand
(b) Raja Ram Mohan Roy
c)Ishwar Chandra vidyasagar
d) None of these
ans:c)Ishwar Chandra vidyasagar
2) Mahadev Govind Ranade was an active member of
i) Arya Samaj ii) Prarthana Samaj
iii) Brahmo Samaj iv) Ramakrishnan Mission
Ans: ii) Prarthana Samaj
3. Who wrote 'Stri Purush Tulana ?
(i) Begum of Bhopal (ii) Tarabai Shinde
iii)Begum Rokeya iv) Sarojini Naidu
Ans: (ii) Tarabai Shinde
4. Begum Rokaya Sakhawat established the schools primarily for Muslim girls in
i) Patna ii) Calcutta iii) Bombay iv) Both i &ii
Ans: iv) Both i &ii.
5. Arya Samaj was started by
i) Raja Rammohan Roy ii) Swami Dayanand
iii) Tara Bai Shinde iv) Mahadev Govind Ranade
Ans: ii) Swami Dayanand
6. Women are given equal right in property under the
(i) Law of inheritance
ii) Right to equality
(iii) Right against Exploitation
iv) Right to social justice
Ans: (i) Law of inheritance
7. Running a creche is mandatory for companies with following minimum number of female employees.
i) more than 10 ii) more than 20 iii) more than 30
iv) more than 5
Ans: iii) more than 30
II. Fill in the blands.
1.Widow remarriage act was passed in the year 1856.
3. In rural areas government has set up anganwadis so that women could go out and work .
4. Domestic work does not get any monetary reward.
5. High tech companies have allowed female employees to work from home at flexible hours.
III. State whether the statements are True or False.
1. Women do not work in tea gardens.
Ans: False.
2. Begum Rokeya Sakhawat belonged to Punjab.
Ans: False.
3. The work which women do at home is not time consuming.
Ans: False.
4. Mid-day meal scheme is aimed at improving the health of the children.
Ans: True.
5. Constitution has not given equal rights to both men and women.
Ans: False.
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