HS 2nd year political science

 South Asia in the post cold war era 

Q. What is South Asia?

Ans: South Asia refers to Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan ans Sri Lanka.

দক্ষিণ এছিয়া কি?

উত্তৰ: দক্ষিণ এছিয়া বুলিলে বাংলাদেশ, ভুটান, ভাৰত, মালদ্বীপ, নেপাল, পাকিস্তান আৰু শ্ৰী লংকা আদি ৰাষ্ট্ৰসমূহক একেলগে বুজা যায়।

Q. When did India achieve freedom from British Imperialism?

Ans: In 1947.

বৃটিছ উপনিবেশৰ পৰা ভাৰতে কেতিয়া স্বাধীনতা লাভ কৰিছিল?

উত্তৰ: ১৯৪৭ চনত।

Q. Write a note on the military rule and democracy in Pakistan.

Ans:  Pakistan is one among the South Asia nations. It achieved independence from British imperialism on 14 th August,1947 and Muhammad Ali Jinnah became the first Governor General of Pakistan.

 Although 

Pakistan achieved independence in 1947,but it drafted its own Constitution in 1956. Just after two years of drafting of the new constitution , a military coup under the leadership of Ayub Khan took control of the country. After that, in 1960, Ayub Khan won the first presidential election and became the first popularly elected President of Pakistan.He also won a second term as Pakistan's President on 2nd January, 1964. But he had to resign in 1969 due to popular unrest and succeeded by General Yahaya Khan.

After Yahya Khan assumed the office of the President, secessionist movement began in East Pakistan. As a result a civil was started in East Pakistan in 1971, and Bangladesh emarged as a new sovereign country in this year.

After this Pakistan had a democratically elected government under Zulfikar Ali Bhutto for the period of 1971 to 1977. But in 1977, General Zia-ul Haq ousted Bhutto and led a military coup. However by this time several movements were started in Pakistan in support of democracy. Thedeath of Zia-ur Haq in 1988 paved the road for another democratically elected government under the leadership of Benazir Bhutto.After this Benazir's Pakistan People's Party and Nawaz Sharif,s Muslim Leaque formed successive governments in Pakistan. But, again General Pervez Musharraf removed Nawab Sharif's government in 1997 in a military coup. After that Pervez Musharraf won the elections held in 2001 and became the President. In the election of 2008, Asaf Ali Zardari became the president. At present , Arif Alvi is the president and Imran Khan is the prime minister of Pakistan.

From the above discussion, we can say that in Pakistan, military government and civilian government are like two faces of the same coin.