New kings and kingdoms

        NEW KINGS AND KINGDOMS

1)Who are samantas?

Samantas were either big landlords or warrior chiefs. They were required to govern smaller portions of a kingdom. They were supposed to give gifts to the king and help the king in the administration of parts of the territory. They were required to attend the courts of the king and provide military support when required.

2)Who are the Rashtrakutas?

The Rashtrakutas were ruled from 7th to 10th century CE. In the middle of the 8th century they had the areas of South Gujarat, Maharashtra, parts of Madhya Pradesh and Karnataka. Dantidurga , Krishna-1,and Dhruva were some important rulers of Rasjtrakuta dynasty. They established their capital in Malkhed in Maharashtra. 

They worshipped Shiva and Vishnu. Their major achievements were as follows:

1) Construction of temples:They constructed temples in a big way.The rock cut temples of Ellora and Elephanta are of these periods. In these temples God has been represented in three forms - as a creator,the preserver and the destroyer.

2)Local self government: Formation of local self government is another major role of this dynasty. A number of committees were formed to administer different affairs of the villages. The king also took a lot of interest in administration and supervised the work from time to time.

3) Trade and Commerce: They flourished trade and commerce.There were developments in the field of economics and this area grew in wealth and prosperity.

4) Some Arab travellers described the Rashtrakutas as one of the best rulers of the world.

3)Who are Gurjara - Pratiharas ?

They ruled from 725 CE to 1040 CE. They ruled over parts of Punjab, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh , Gujarat, and Madhya Pradesh .Kannauj was their capital city. The important rulers of this dynasty were Nagabhatta, Vatsaraja, Nagabhatta II, Mihir Bhoja, Mahendrapala and Rajyapala.

 

4. Who is Mihir Bhoja ?

He was the outstanding ruler of this dynasty and the power of Pratiharas reached its peak during his time.He was a great learner, warrior and was a very efficient administrator. He was a devotee of Lord Vishnu. He work hard to spread the empire.

 

5) Write about the  Palas.

Ans: They established their kingdom in Bengal in the 8th century CE.This dynasty was founded by king Gopala .The capital city of this dynasty was Patliputra in modern day Bihar. It included the parts of Assam, Bengal,Bihar and Odisha.The dynasty had 17 kings, among them Dharmapala and Devapala were prominent.

Fratures:

1) They were good administrators and warriors.

2) Developments took place in the field of literature and learning.

3) They revived Buddhism, and tolerant towards Hinduism.

 6)Who are  RAJPUTS?

Ans:  They were the sons of rulers.The Rajputs were were known to be of two descents- the Suryavanshi and the Chandravanshi. During 9th to 12th century CE ,they played a very important role in the Northern part of India.They established many independent states.Some of the prominent Rajput kingdoms were the Chauhans of Ajmer and Delhi, Paramars of Malwa region, Gehadavallas or Rathores of Kannauj and Sishodias of Mewar. 

7) Who are  CHAUHANS?

Ans:  They were earlier known as Chahamanas, who were the feudal lords during the rule of the Pratiharas. They established their first kingdom in Ajmer in the 11th century. Later they acquired control over Delhi from the Tomars and shifted their capital to Delhi. Prithviraj Chauhan was the most famous ruler of this dynasty.He fought two battles at Tarain with Muhammad Ghori.

8) Write about THE BATTIES OF TARAIN.

Ans: The first battle of Tarain took place on 13 November, 1191, among the Chahamanas and Muhammad Ghori. In the battle, Ghori was wounded and defeated which caused his army to flee.

The second battle of Tarain was fought in 1192. Mohammad Ghori  attacked the kingdom of Prithviraj Chauhan again with the motive of revenge and to establish control over India.

9) List two duties of the samantas.

Ans: The two duties of the samantas are: 

a) Samantas were supposed to give gifts to the king and 

b) They helped the king in the administration of parts of the territory.

10) Who perform hiranya- garbha?

Ans: Dantidurga.

11) Name the areas over which Gurjara- Pratiharas ruled.

Ans:They ruled over parts of Punjab, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Gujrat and Madhya Pradesh.

12) Name the capital of Gurjara-Pratiharas.

Ans: Kannauj.

13) Who was the outstanding ruler of Gurjara-Pratiharas dynasty?

Ans: Mihir Bhoja.

14) Who gave a severe blow to Gurjara-Pratiharas which led to the end of their dynasty?

Ans: Mahmud Ghazni.

15) Name the capital of rashtrakutas.

Ans:Malkhed in Maharashtra.

16) How was God represented in three forms from 7th- 10th to century CE?

Ans: From 7th to 10th century CE,God has been represented in three forms as the creator, the preserver  and the destroyer.

17) Where did Palas establish their kingdom?

Ans: At Patliputra,in modern day Bihar.

18) Who founded the Pala dynasty?

Ans: King Gopala 

19)Name the university established by king Dharmapala?

Ans: Vikramshila University.

20) Name the three dynasty's which fought to gain control over Kannauj.

Ans: the Gurajara- Pratiharas, Rashtrakutas and Palas.

21) Where did the Chauhans establish their kingdom first in the 11th century?

Ans: In Ajmer.

22) Name the Rajput ruler who fought two battles at Tarain.

Ans: Prithviraj.

23) When did the first battle of Tarain take place?

Ans: In 1191.

24) Who helped Muhammad Ghori in the second battle of Tarain against Prithviraj Chauhan?

Ans: Jaichand.

25. Who attacked the Indian Subcontinent 17 times in search of wealth?

Ans: Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni of Afghanistan.

26. Choose the correct option.

1. Mihir Bhoja was the outstanding ruler of

i) Palas 

ii) Rajputs 

iii) Gurjara - Pratiharas 

iv) Cholas 

Ans: 

2.  A ritual called Hiranya - Garbha was performed by a Rashtrakuta chief 

i) Mayurasharman.

ii) Harichandra 

iii) Dantidurga 

iv) Harsha 

Ans: 

3. The outstanding ruler of the Pratiharas was 

i) Mahendrapala 

ii) Mihir Bhoja 

iii) Nagabhatta 

iv) Rajyapala.

Ans: 

4. The capital of the Rashtrakutas was 

i) Madurai 

ii) Patna 

iii) Kannauj 

iv) Malkhed 

Ans: 

5. Pala dynasty was founded by 

i) King Rajaraja 

ii) King Rajindra 

iii) King Gopala 

iv) Mihir Bhoja 

Ans: 

6. The Palas established their kingdom in 

i) Gujarat

ii) Rajasthan

iii) Tamil Nadu

iv) Bengal

Ans: 

7. Vikramshila University was established by King 

i) Devapala 

ii) Dharampala 

iii) Dantidurga

iv) Mihir Bhoja

Ans: 

8. The Tripartite Struggle took place to acquire control over

i) Kannauj 

ii) Patna 

iii) Tanjore 

iv) Patliputra

Ans: 

9.