IMPORTANT SCIENCE NOTES

 

Naming and classification:

Milch animals: They are milk producing animals

Apiculture: Rearing of honey - bees on large scale

Pisciculture : Rearing of fish on a large scale

ATP- adenosine triphosphate. One molecule of glucose on decomposition gives  38 molecules of ATP. 1 gm of Carbohydrate gives approximately 16.8 kj of energy.

For an adult, the total requirement of carbohydrate is about 70- 80 g per day. Some important sources of carbohydrate are wheat, rice, potato, colocasia, banana, bread, oat meal,  sweet potato, maize etc.

Fats are the chemical compounds of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. They are actually the fatty acids and glycerols.

One gm of fat gives about 9 kilo calories of energy.Fats are of two types - i) Animal Fat: Butter,Ghee,milk, meat,fish etc. ii) Vegetable Fat: Oils from groundnut, coconut, mustard etc.

Proteins are basically amino acids. They are the chemical compounds of carbon, hydrogen, Oxygen and nitrogen. Proteins are known as building blocks. For an adult , the daily requirement of protein is about 50 to 60 g. Sources of proteins are pulses ,fish ,meat  steak,  poultry, nuts, milk ,cheese,  white of egg,beans,peas  etc. 1 gm of protein gives 5.6 kilo calories of energy.

Vitamins: A, B, C, D, E, K  Sources: eggs, green leafy vegetables, milk , fruits, fish. Vitamins A , D, E and K are fat soluble and B and C are water soluble vitamins. Vitamin B Complex = a group of vitamins.

Vitamin A: Sources: fish oil, milk, milk products, carrot etc. Deficiency: night blindness, roughness of skin.

Vitamin B  Sources:Wheat, rice, yeast extracts, liver, kidney. Deficiency: Beri- beri.

Vitamin C  Sources: citrous fruits, fresh vegetables, potatoes etc.

Vitamin D  Sources: fish oil, eggs, milk and milk products, sunlight etc.

* About 4% weight of the body is due to minerals.

Iron forms haemoglobin in the red blood cells which help in carrying oxygen.

Iodine forms hormones in the thyroid glands.

Phosphorus is essential for bones and teeth formation.

Water forms 70% of our body weight

For a normal man , a balanced diet should contain 50% carbohydrates, 35%fats, 12% proteins ,3% minerals +vitamins+water.

Copper makes iron into haemoglobin.