The Mughals

 

The Mughals 

Babur 

1. Babur was the founder Mughal Empire. He ascended the throne at Farghana at the age of 12. 

2. He was recognised as Emperor of Hindustan.

3. He established himself first in Kabul .

4. First battle of Panipat ( 1526 CE) : between Babur and Ibrahim Lodi.

5. Battle of Khanwa ( 1527 CE) : between Babur and Rana Sanga of Mewar .

6. Battle of Chanderi ( 1528 CE) : Babur and Medini Rai.

7. Battle of Ghagra ( 1529 CE) : between Babur and Mahmud Lodhi.

8. Babur was died in 1530 CE in Agra.

9. He was buried in Arambagh in Agra 

10. He introduced Char - Baghs.

11. He learned Persian and Arabic.

12. He wrote his memoir in Turki called Tuzuk - I - Babri / Babarnama .

13. He also wrote Masnavi .

14. Babarnama was translated into Persian by Abdur Rahim Khan - i - khana .

Humayun

1. He was the eldest son of Babur.

2. Battle of Chausa ( 1539 CE) : Humayun and Sher Shah.

3. Battle of Bilgrama / Kannauj ( 1540 CE) : Humayun and Sher Shah.

4. He married Hamida Banu Begum.

5. Gulbadan Begum wrote Humayun - nama.

6. He built a city named Dinapanah at Delhi.

7. He constructed Jamoli mosque. 

8. He also constructed mosque of Isa Khan at Delhi.

9. Humayun's tomb is called the prototype of the Taj Mahal and was built by his widow Haji Begum.

10. Mir Sayyid Ali and Abdus Samad were two Persian painters of Humayun's court .

Sher Shah Suri

1. He was the founder of Sur dynasty. He was second Afghan Empire after the Lodhis.

2. Bahar Khan Lohami gave him the title Sher Khan.

3. He conquered Malwa in 1542 CE.

4. He was died in 1545 CE.

5. He built Purana Qila, Sher Mandal , mausoleum at sasaram, Rohtas Fort ( UNESCO World Heritage site in Pakistan) , Sher Shah Suri Masjid in Patna, Bhera city in modern day Pakistan.

6. Malik Muhammad Jaysi completed his Padmavat during Sher Shah Suri's region.

7. Abbas Khan Sarwani wrote Tarikh - i- Shershahi .

8. He introduced Zabti - i- har - sal.

9. He introduced new copper coin ' Dam'.

10. He was the first to introduce silver Rupaiya and Gold coin Ashrafi / Mohur.

11. Grant Trunk Road by Ashoka was restored by him.

Akbar

1. Son of Humayun and Hamida Banu Begum.

2. Bairam Khan was the teacher of him.

3. Second battle of Panipat ( 1556) : between Akbar and Hemu.

4. Jodha Bai married to Akbar.

5. Battle of Haldighati ( 1576 CE) : Rana Pratap was defeated by Mughal Army led by Man Singh.

5. Akbar abolished the pilgrim tax and jiziya.

6. Akbar built the Buland Darwaza at Fatehpur Sikri.

7. Akbar died in 1605 CE.

8. Akbar built Agra Fort in red sandstone.

9. Akbar built Jodha Bai's palace, Panch Mahal , Diwan - i - khas , Diwan - i - Aam, Sheikh Salim Christi' s tomb.

10. Akbar built his own tomb at Sikandra ( near Agra) and completed by Jahangir.

11. He built the temple of Govindadeva at Vrindavan.

12. He organised painting in imperial karkhanas and also introduced European style.

13. Famous painters of his court were - Mir Sayyid Ali, Abdal Samad , Farukh Beg, Bhusrau Kuli etc.

14. Hindi poet Tulsidas wrote the Ramcharitmanas during his time.

15. Akbar introduced Mansabdari system.

16. Akbar's Navratnas were - 

a)Abul Fazl 

b) Faizi 

c) Fakir Aziao Din 

d) Tansen 

e) Raja Birbal 

f) Raja Todar Mal 

g) Raja Man Singh

h) Abdul Rahim Khan - i - khanam .

i) Mirza Aziz Koka 

Jahangir

1. Jodha Bai and Akbar's eldest son.

2. Assumed the title of Nur - ud - din Muhammad Jahangir.

3. In 1611 CE, he married Mehrunnisa and gave her title Nur Jahan.

4. He died in 1627 CE.

5. British captain Hawkins and Thomas Roe visited his court. Thomas Roe got the farman for setting up an English factory at Surat.

6. Wrote the Tuzuk - i - Jahangiri in Persian.

7. Abdul Hamid Lahori wrote Padshah Namah .

8. Khafi Khan wrote Muntakhab -i- Lubab.

9. Jahangir built Moti Masjid.

Shah Jahan 

1. He is also known as khurram.

2. Hemarried to Arjumand Banu Begum ( Mumtaz Mahal) .

3. In c. 1632 CE, shah Jahan defeated the Portuguese near Hugli.

4. Shah Jahan's reign is considered the Golden age of the Mughal empire.

5. He built Taj Mahal, designed by Ustad Isa, Isa Muhammad - Effendi.

6. He built Moti Masjid at Agra, Sheesh Mahal and Mussaman Burj at Agra, Jama Masjid at Delhi, Red Fort at Delhi , Shalimar Bagh in Lahore and the city of Shahjahanabad.

7. Inayat khan wrote Shah Jahan Nama.

8. Dara Shikoh translated the Bhagavat Gita and Upanishads into the Persian language.

9. Died in C 1667 CE.

Aurangzeb ( 1658 - 1707 CE) 

1. In C 1679 CE, he reimposed jiziya and pilgrim tax.

2. He patronised the greatest digest of Muslim law in India, Fatwa - i - Alamgiri.

3. He constructed the Moti Masjid at Delhi and the Badshahi mosque at Lahore. 

4. He appointed Murshid Quli Khan as Diwan of Bengal.

5. Aurangzeb died at Ahmadnagar.